Grammatical changes

· synthetical structure of language ( - endings, - free word order in sentence)

· analytical structure ( - auxiliary words, - fixed word order in the sentence)

· simplificationof nominal grametical forms

· complication of verb grammar forms

4. alphabet changes

· runic alphabet ( Scandinavian origin)

· anglo-saxon insula variant( Latin symbols, runic symbols

· latin alphabet + French spelling tradition ( continental variant)

11. Old English or Anglo - Saxon Alphabet

Letter

A E

b

C

C ( K or K soft)

F ( F or V)

З (G or G soft Or J or X or X soft or H or Ɣ)

M

N ( N or Ng)

O

P

R

S ( S or Z)

U

W

Y

R

Sc – Sh ( scip –ship, scinan – shinen ( shine)

Sk- Sh

K ( soft) – Ts ( bank hill – bench, skirt - shirt)

12. Old English Phonological Changes in Details

1. Old English vowel changes

from OE to ME :

- assimilation

- narrowing

-fronting

2. Introduction or development of new diphthongs

- fracture/ breaking/ = diphthonginisation of short vowels before certain consonant clasters

form Early OE to Late OE ( ll, ll+ consonants, h- final, h+ consonants, r+ consonants)

it happened also under the influence of consonants:

· PG – OE

· V+V ( liquid & labial consonants – monopthong/ -diphthong

a+i= a/I r

e+i= a/I l/m

a+u=ae p

e+u=eo b

i+u=io f

Palitalisation

· palatal consonants + monophthong change into diphthong

sk’ e - ie

k’ e long – ea

j’ e – ie

The narrowing of vowel

· palating mutation ( I-U mlaut)

long e / a/ short o + I or J – e

a/ o/ o’ + I or J – long e or e

u/long u + I or J – y or y’

ea/eo/ea + I or J = ie

Ghotic mats OE mete NE meat

saljan sellan sale

lar lerar learn

boc bec book

fulljan fyllan fill

Lenghening the vowels

Short vowel in some position become long ( in combination LD/ MB/ND – become long)

cild- cild- child

cildry-cildry- children

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1381