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Ancient History of Britain
THE History of English
The Indo-European family of languages
· The Slavonic branch (subbranches)
- east Russian Ukrainian Byelorussian
- west Polish Czech Slovak Luzic
- south Bulgarian Serbian Croatian Macedonian
· The Baltic branch
Lithunian
*Old Prussian
Lettish
· The Celtic branch
Irish
Welsh
*Cornish
Gaelic
Breton
· The Romanic branch
ALL DESCENDANCTS OF *VULGAR LATIN
French
Italian
Spanish
Portuguese
Roumanian
Reto-Roman
The Indo-Iranian Group
· The Iranian Branch
Persian
Afgan
Tadjic
· The Indian branch
Sanskrit
Modern Indian:
Hindi
Bengali
Gipsy
Panjabi
No branches (isolated)
Greek
Albanian
Armenian
*Hittie
*Tokharian
2.
The Germanic / Teutonic branch
(all descendants of Proto – Germanic Languages)
- East Germanic Subbranch
*Gothic
* Vandalic
*Burgundian
- North Germanic ( Scandinavian)
Swedish
Danish
Norwegian
Faroese
Icelandic
- West Germanic Subbranch
ü Anglo – Frisian Group
Frisian ( continental English)
English
ü German Group
German – high /low
Dutch ( Flemish)
Afrikaans
Yiddish
English is represented on East –Midland, London, BBC dialect (receive pronunciation ) * Cockney dialect
British English
- Australian English
- Canadian
- New- Zeland
- Scottish
- American English
American English is represented into Mid- West Standard American Standard
3.
Ancient History of Britain
-The Iberians occupied this territories in 3000 BC
Later the Scots/ The Pict occupied a bit later
The Celts : The Belgae100 BC/ The Britons 500 BC/ The Gaels 700 BC
-The Roman conquest
The J. Caesar 55 B.C -54 Bc
Clausius 433 AD
Week latin language influence ( san traces)
- The Anglo-Saxon conquest 449 AD – Germanic period
4.
| The tribes | The part of England | The Kingdoms | The Main dialects |
| Jutes | Kent | Kent | Kentish |
| Saxon | South of Thames | Wessex Essex Sussex | East Saxon West Saxon |
| The Angles | North of the Thames | East Anglia Mercia Northumbria | Mercian Anglian Northumbrian |
West Saxon + Anglian = Modern English London dialect
5.
Primary Periodization of English History by Henry Sweet
| Centuries | Periods | Beginning | End |
| 5(7) - 11 | Old Englisg ( full endings) | The Germanic Settlements in 499 | The Norman conquest 1066 |
| 12-15 | Middle English ( leveled endings) | The Norman conquest | The introduction of book Printing Choucer’s period |
| 16- present days | New English Modern ( lost endings) | Shakespeare’s time | … |
6.
Detailed Periodization of THE History of English
In 54 BC Julia Ceasar attended Britain In 408 Ad latin troupes left Britain for ever
OLD
1. Early Old English ( pre-written) 400-700. In 597 St. Augustine baptized Anglo-Saxon tribes.
2. Old English ( written) 700 – 1066. From 1066 Scandinavian invasion happened. In 1016-1042 made huge Kingdom. It is time Danelagu
MIDDLE
3. Early Middle English 1066-1350 Norman invasion/ French influence
4. Classical Middle English 1350-1475. 1350 English introduction ( restoration) in official usage. 1475 first English book were printed in Holland and William Caxon brought it.
NEW
5. Early New English 1467-1660 The Stuart’s dynasty restoration
6. Period of Normalisation ( Correctness, Neo Classical) 1660-1800
7. Late New English ( Modern English) 1880- 1945// Present day English after Second World war.
7.
The main English literature works
Old English
-Epic poem “ Beofulf”
- Venerable Bede “ the Ecclesiastical history of the English People”
Middle English
- Geoffrey Chaucer “ The Canterbury Tales”
New English
- Shakespeare’s works
-Samuel Johnson English Dictionary
8.
Main invasion.
Name of the land
| The Roman Conques | 54 BC – 408 AD | Britania |
| The Anglo-Saxon conquest | 449 AD | Englelond |
| Scandinavian invasion | 793-1042 AD | Danelagu |
| Norman invasion | Anglia |
Linguistic problems
9.
Language interaction
1. No Latin influence on the Celtic languages
2. Celtic Language moved to the farthest corners of England Anglo-Saxon ( old English)
3. Old English Old north was strong interactions between this two language
4. Late old English + Northern Dialect of French was interaction between them
5. Middle English was established with Late English(100% Germanic grammar) and French dialect (57%)
12.09.12
10.
Basic changes in English
1. phonological changes
| OE | ME | NE |
| · MONOFTHONGISATION OF DIPHTONGS | · INTRODUCTION OF NEW TYPE DIPHTONGS | · STABILISATION OF –LONG VOWELS IN OPEN SYLABLES/ CLOSE SYLABELS · DIFTONGISATION OF THE NARROWEST VOWELS |
THE GRADUAL NARROWINEY OF BROAD NOWELS
2. word formation changes
| OE | ME | NE |
| · derivation (affixation, suffixation, prefixation, infixation) · world ending | · concersion |
Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1459
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