TaRovani da gumbaTovani gadaxurvebis

MontaJi

TaRovani gadaxurvebi xasiaTdeba didi malebiT (50-150 m) da gamoiyeneba samrewvelo (sawyobebi) da samoqalaqo (sadgurebi, sportuli darbazebi) daniSnulebis Senobebis gadasaxurad. TaRebs ZiriTadad aproeqteben Semdegi statikuri sqemebisaTvis: sakoWeebiT _ Senobis svetebi iReben mxolod vertikalur datvirTvebs; or_ an samsaxsriani _ vertikaluri datvirTvebi da ganbjena gadaecema rkinabetonis saZirkvlebs.

TaRebis didi moqniloba awyobil mdgomareobaSi ar iZleva maTi montaJis saSualebas, amitom TaRebis montaJi ZiriTadad sruldeba droebiTi sayrdenebis gamoyenebiT. maTi raodenoba damokidebulia TaRis malze, moculobiTi dagegmarebis gadawyvetilebebze da arsebul samontaJo mowyobilobebze. TaRebis montaJi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes uwyveti an moZravi xaraCoebis gamoyenebiT. ufro xSirad TaRebis montaJisaTvis gamoiyeneba moZravi xaraCoebi, romlebic gadaadgildeba liandagze, riTac uzrunvelyofs saqmis usafrTxoebasa da maRalmwarmoeblurobas (nax. 11.11).

droebiTi sayrdenebis gamoyenebiT didmalian da didi masis mqone konstruqciebs amontaJeben nawil-nawil. rogorc wesi, didmalian (48 m da meti) TaRebs amontaJeben naxevarTaRebiT an ufro mcire elementebiT, droebiTi sayrdenebis gamoyenebiT. droebiTi sayrdenebis raodenoba damokidebulia TaRis malze, samontaJo meqanizmebis tvirTamweobaze da TaRis konstruqciul gadawyvetebze, romlebic xSirad karnaxoben gadaxurvis montaJis teqnologias.

nax. 11.11. TaRovani gadaxurvis montaJi moZravi xaraCoebis gamoyenebiT:

1 _ koSkuri amwe; 2 _ TaRis samontaJo pirapirebi; 3 _ moZravi samontaJo xaraCoebi domkratebiT.

rodesac TaRebis montaJi xorcieldeba sakoWeebiT, romlis sakidrebi ar aris gaangariSebuli blokebian datvirTvaze, gamoiyeneba teleskopuri konstruqciis droebiTi sayrdenebi. am SemTxvevaSi TaRis elementebs da sakoWeebs amontaJeben individualurad, cal-calke. ori TaRis montaJis, kvanZebis damagrebisa da sakoWis daWimvis Semdeg xsnian qargilebs, mdored uSveben droebiT sayrdenebze domkratebsa da sxva sayrden elementebs. ganqargileba aris operacia, ris Sedegadac konstruqciis sakuTari masis datvirTva mTlianad gadaecema saproeqto sayrden elementebs da samontaJo sayrdenebi droebiT mTlianad Tavisufldeba datvirTvebisagan. sayrdenebs uSveben sakoWis doneze dabla da gadaayeneben (gadaagoreben) Semdegi malebis montaJisaTvis.

samsaxsriani TaRis montaJisaTvis (nax. 11.12) saWiroa ori droebiTi sayrdeni. yoveli sayrdenis saSualo teleskopuri nawili gaTvaliswinebulia TaRis ori mezobeli elementis dayrdnobisaTvis, am sayrdenis qveda nawili _ TaRebis sakoWeebis elementebis dayrdnobisaTvis.

nax. 11.12. TaRis montaJis sqema sakoWiT:

1 _ amwe; 2 _ teleskopuri droebiTi sayrdenebi; 3 _ sayrdeni kvanZebi domkratebiT.

TaRebs, sakoWsa da sakidrebs amontaJebs TviTmavali amwe. elementebis awyobis, dayenebuli elementebis geometriis Semowmebis, ori rigiTi blokis samontaJo kvanZebisa da maTi sakoWis SeduRebis, yvela ganbjenisa da kavSirebis dayenebis Semdeg xsnian qargilebs. am mizniT xraxniani domkratebi unda iyos damontaJebuli droebiTi sayrdenebis Siga teleskopuri seqciebis Tavebze.

TaRebi saxsrebis gareSe. aseTi tipis TaRebi mravaljer aris gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva saxis sportuli nagebobis mSeneblobisas.

evropis erT-erT qalaqSi aSenebulia ovaluri formis sportuli nageboba 168 m-iani maliT da 132×168 m zomebiT gegmaze. gadaxurva Sedgeba oTxi mzidi TaRisagan: ori gare da ori Siga (didi RerZis mimarT). TaRebi daxuruli kolofis kveTis 2×3 m SeduRebulia 20 da 40 mm-is sisqis foladis furclebiT. gare da Siga TaRebi eyrdnoba saerTo rkinabetonis saZirkvlebs. gare TaRebi qmnian horizontTan 14?-ian kuTxes, romelic eyrdnoba tribunebis koWebs da svetebs. Sua TaRebs ar gaaCnia Sualeduri sayrdenebi, isini daxrilia 56?-iT horizontTan da gaerTianebulia wamweebiTa da kavSirebiT. paralelursartyliani wamweebi 5.3_25.3 m malebiT dayenebulia 6.3 m bijiT.

TiToeuli TaRi (nax. 11.13) awyobilia 17 moculobiTi blokisagan (seqciebisagan) sigrZiT 12.3 m da masiT 40 t. awyobisaTvis gamoiyeneba 45 t tvirTamweobis koSkur-isrovani amwe.

nax. 11.13. Siga konturis TaRebis montaJis sqema:

1 _ rkinabetonis saZirkveli; 2 _ TaRis blokebi; 3 _ samontaJo amwe;

4 _ droebiTi sayrdeni; 5 _ wamweebi.

Siga TaRebis montaJi xorcieldeba rkinabetonis saZirkvlebisa da sakoWeebis dabetonebis Semdeg.

TaRebis seqciebs ayeneben saZirkvlis blokebidan malis Sua nawilis mimarTulebiT. amisaTvis gamoiyeneba seqciebis samontaJo pirapirebis qveS dayenebuli, gisosiani foladis droebiTi sayrdenebi, 2×3 m kveTiT gegmaze. droebiTi sayrdenebis qveda baza eyrdnoba rkinabetonis saZirkvels. zeda nawils aqvs muSa baqani, romelic gamoiyeneba TaRebis seqciebis dayenebis, gasworebisa da saproeqto mdgomareobaSi saboloo damagrebisaTvis, Semdeg ki _ ganqargilebisaTvis. TaRebs Soris wamweebsa da kavSirebs ayeneben paraleluri nakadebiT, erTi seqciis SeduRebis gamotovebiT.

TaRis yvela seqciis dayenebis Semdeg (centraluris garda) xdeba yvela saxis gazomvebi, kvanZebis Semowmeba da saboloo damagreba SeduRebiT.

gare TaRebis montaJis teqnologia analogiuria Siga elementebis montaJTan. droebiT sayrdenebs ayeneben uSualod tribunis zeda iarusis daxril koWebze. TaRebis montaJis dasrulebis Semdeg domkratebis saSualebiT asruleben ganqargilebis samuSaoebs.

nax. 11.14. mzidi daxrili TaRebis montaJis sqema:

1 _ rkinabetonis monoliTuri sayrdeni saZirkveli; 2 _ TaRis elementi;

3 _ koSkuri amwe; 4 _ armirebuli karkasebiTa da betoniT SevsebisaTvis momzadebuli srulad damontaJebuli foladis TaRi.

orsaxsriani TaRebi. orsaxsriani TaRebis montaJi usaxsro TaRebis montaJis analogiuria (nax. 11.14). TaRebis elementebs zemodan Ria kolofis saxiT (kveTiT 2.0×3.3 m, sisqiT 12 da 20 mm, sigrZiT 12 m-mde, masiT 37 t-mde) ayeneben saproeqto mdgomareobaSi koSkuri amwis saSualebiT. TaRis TiToeuli bloki (centraluris garda) konsolurad eyrdnoba or mudmiv sayrden svets. svetebs Soris malSi blokebis pirapirebis SeerTeba sruldeba SeduRebiT. SeduRebiTi samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad saWiroa kolofis kedelze specialuri xaraCoebis Sekidva. blokebis montaJis mimarTuleba miRebulia sayrdenidan centrisaken.

fxvieri masalebis sawyobebis mSeneblobisas. saerTod, aseT nagebobebSi gamoiyeneba samsaxsriani TaRebi, 60 m-mde malebiT. kerZod, 11.15 naxazze warmodgenilia sawyobis gadaxurva samsaxsriani TaRebiT (58.3 m-iani malebiT) rkinabetonis kontrforsebze, bijiT 10.5 m.

samsaxsriani TaRebi. samsaxsriani gadaxurvebi xSirad gamoiyeneba

TaRebi Sedgeba ori sworxazovani rigelisagan, ortesebri cvladi kveTis, 1.2 m-mde simaRlisa da 36 m sigrZis rigelebisagan. rigeli miewodeba mSeneblobas sam nawilad dayofili da maTi SeerTeba sruldeba stendze SeduRebiT an maRali simtkicis WanWikebiT. gadaxurvas amsxvileben brtyel blokebad, uSualod samontaJo zonaSi. blokebis zomebia 10.5×36 m da masiT 26 t-mde. TiToeuli bloki Sedgeba 250 elementisagan _ ori rigelis, koWebis, grZivebis, Wimebisa da kavSirebisagan. blokebis gamsxvilebisa da geometriuli zomebis Semowmebis Semdeg asruleben blokebis SeRebvas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ SeRebviT qimdacvas.

nax. 11.15. sawyobis msxvili blokebiT TaRovani gadaxurvis montaJis meqanizaciis sqema:

1 _ rkinabetonis kontrforsi; 2 _ gadasayenebeli xaraCoebi; 3 _ TaRis rigeli; 4 _ muxluxa amwe; 5 _ droebiTi sayrdeni; 6 _ muxluxa amwe;

7 _ gasamsxvilebeli bloki.

blokebs amontaJeben isrovani amwiT. awevisaTvis gamoiyeneba oTxtota jambara. aweva sruldeba oTx wertilSi CabmiT. blokis qveda nawils ayrdnoben kontrforsebze, zeda nawils ki _ 25 m-ian droebiT sivrciT sayrdenze, gegmaze zomebiT 10.5×4.5 m. sayrdenebi rigelebis dasayrdnobad aRWurvilia baqnebiT da kibis marSebiT _ samontaJo pirapirebis gaformebisaTvis. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi bloks asworeben domkratebis saSualebiT. dayenebul rigelebs amagreben WanWikebiT. droebiTi sayrdenebi dayenebulia relsebze da maT gadaadgilebas Semdeg poziciaze axorcieleben traqtoriT an 5 t-iani jalambrebiT.

CarCoiani didmaliani gadaxurvis konstruqciebi. aseTi gadaxurvebis montaJi, rogorc wesi, mimdinareobs droebiTi samontaJo sayrdenebisa da isrovani amweebis gamoyenebiT. 11.16 naxazze naCvenebia gadaxurvis CarCoiani konstruqciis montaJis sqema.

Date: 2016-06-13; view: 21