| Traveller category
| The five clearest role-related behaviours
(in order of relative importance)
|
| Perreault, Dorden and Dorden (1979)
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| Budget travellers
| who had medium incomes, but sought low-cost vacations
|
| Adventurous tourists
| who were well educated and affluent and showed a preference for adventurous holidays
|
| Homebody tourists
| who were cautious people who took holidays but did not discuss their vacation with other people, and spent relatively little time planning it
|
| Vacationers
| who were a small group who spent lots of time thinking about their next holiday and tended to be active people in lower paid jobs
|
| Moderates
| who had a high predisposition to travel but were not in terested in weekend breaks or sports.
|
| Westvlaams Ekonomisch Studiebureau (1986)
|
| Active sea lovers
| who want to take a holiday by the sea, with a beach close by
|
| Contact-minded holiday-makers
| who value making new friends on holiday and being hospitably received by local people
|
| Nature viewers
| who want to be well received by the host population while enjoying very beautiful landscapes
|
| Rest-seekers
| who want a chance to relax and rest while on holiday
|
| Discoverers
| who like cultural holidays and some adventure, but they also like to meet new people
|
| Family-orientated sun and sea lovers
| who were the largest group and like to do things together as a family and seek ‘child-friendly’ activities
|
| Traditionalists
| who value safety and security and try to avoid surprises by sticking with familiar destinations and types of holiday
|
| Dalen (1989)
|
| Modern materialists
| want to get a tan to impress people when they get home. They like partying and are more concerned with drink than food. Hedonism is their main motivation.
|
| Modern idealists
| also seek excitement and entertainment but want both to be more intellectual than the modern materialists. They do not, however, want mass tourism or fixed itineraries.
|
| Traditional idealists
| demand quality, culture, heritage, famous places, peace and security.
|
| Traditional materialists
| always look for special offers and low prices, and have a strong concern with personal security
|
| Gallup and American Express (1989)
|
| Adventurers
| who are independent and confident and like to try new activities
|
| Worriers
| who worry about the stress of travel and their safety and security while on holiday
|
| Dreamers
| who are fascinated by the idea of travel and they read and talk a lot about their travel experiences and different destinations
|
| Economizers
| who simply see travel as a routine opportunity for relaxation rather than as a special part of their life, and as such they want to enjoy holidays at the lowest possible price
|
| Indulgers
| who want to be pampered when they are on holiday
|
| Smith (1989)
|
| Explorers
| are a small group who travel almost as anthropologists.
|
| Elite tourists
| are experienced frequent travellers who like expensive tailor-made tours.
|
| Off-beat
| tourists aim to get away from other tourists
|
| Unusual tourists
| make side trips from organized tours to experience local culture.
|
| Incipient mass tourists
| travel to established destinations where tourism is not yet totally dominant.
|
| Masstourists
| expect the same things they are used to at home.
|
| Chartertourists
| have little or no interest in the destination itself pro viding that the holiday gives them the entertainment and standards of food and accommodation they expect.
|
| Wickens (1994)
|
| Cultural heritage tourists
| are interested in the natural beauty, history and culture of destintion. They long to experience the ‘traditional village life’ portrayed in the holiday brochures. They use the seaside re sort as a base from which to tour the attractions in the region. This group tends to be made up of family groups and older holiday-makers.
|
| Ravers
| are attracted by the nightlife and the cheapness and availabil ity of alcohol. They also enjoy the sun and the beach. They tend to swim and sunbathe in the day, and go ‘clubbing’ at night. These are mostly young males.
|
| ‘Shirley Valentines’
| are women on holiday with other women who hope for romance and sexual encounters with men. For these women their holiday represents an opportunity to get away from their everyday lives of domesticity.
|
| Heliolatrous’
| tourists are sun-worshippers whose main aim is to get a tan. They spend much of their holiday in the open air.
|
| ‘Lord Byrons’
| tend to return year after year to the same destination and even the same hotel or accommodation unit. They are in love with destination, particularly its perceived relaxed, ‘laid back’ lifestyle. They want to be treated as a guest not as a tourist. They are after nostalgia and lament the impact of mass tourism on their favourite destination.
|
| Tourist
| Takes photos, buys souvenirs, goes to famous places, stays briefly in one place, does not understand the local people
|
| Traveller
| Stays briefly in one place, experiments with local food, goes to famous places, takes photos, explores places privately
|
| Holidaymaker
| Takes photos, goes to famous places, is alienated from society, buys souvenirs, contributes to the visited economy
|
| Jet-setter
| Lives a life of luxury, concerned with social status, seeks sensual pleasures, prefers interacting with people of his/her own kind, goes to famous places
|
| Businessman
| Concerned with social status, contributes to the economy, does not take photos, prefers interacting with people of his/her own kind, lives a life luxury
|
| Migrant
| Has language problems, prefers interacting with people of his/her own kind, does not understand the local people, does not live a life of luxury, does not exploit the local people
|
| Conservationist
| Interested in the environment, does not buy souvenirs, does not exploit the local people, explores places privately, takes photos
|
| Explorer
| Explores places privately, interested in the environment, takes physical risks, does not buy souvenirs, keenly observes the visited society
|
| Missionary
| Does not buy souvenirs, searches for the meaning of life, does not live a life of luxury, does not seek sensual pleasures, keenly observes the visited society
|
| Overseas student
| Experiments with local food, does not exploit the local people, takes photos, keenly observes the visited society, takes physical risks
|
| Anthro
pologist
| Keenly observes the visited society, explores places privately, interested in the environment, does not buy souvenirs, takes photos
|
| Hippie
| Does not buy souvenirs, does not live a life of luxury, is not concerned with social status, does not take photos, does not contribute to the economy
|
| International athlete
| Is not alienated from own society, does not exploit the local people, does not understand the local people, explores places privately, searches for the meaning of life
|
| Overseas journalist
| Takes photos, keenly observes the visited society, goes to famous places, takes physical risks, explores places privately
|
| Religious pilgrim
| Searches for the meaning of life, does not live a life of luxury, is not concerned with social status, does not exploit the local people, does not buy souvenirs
|
