LATIN NAMES OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

ACIDS NAMES

OXIDES, PEROXIDES, HYDROXIDES

In this lesson you will:

· Become familiar with the Latin names of main chemical elements.

· Become familiar with the Latin names of acids.

· Become familiar with the Latin names of oxides, peroxides, hydroxides.

This lesson is divided into the following sections:

I. Latin names of chemical elements.

II. Latin names of acids.

III. Latin names of oxides, peroxides, hydroxides.

IV. Exercises.

I. LATIN NAMES OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

All Latin names of chemical elements are neuter nouns of the 2^nd declension:

E.g.: Bromum, i n; Iodum, i n; Bismŭthum, i n

There are two exceptions to this rule:

· sulfur - Sulfur, ŭris n (3rd declension)

· phosphorus - Phosphŏrus, i m (masculine)

Special attention must be given to the spelling of the following chemical elements:

Chemical element	Latin	English
Bi	Bismŭthum, i n	bismuth
Сa	Calcĭum, i n	calcium
F	Fluōrum, i n or Phthorum, i n	fluorine
Fe	Ferrum, i n	iron
H	Hydrogenĭum, i n	hydrogen
Hg	Hydrargўrum, i n	mercury
K	Kalĭum, i n	potassium
Mg	Magnesĭum, i n or Magnĭum, i n	magnesium
Na	Natrĭum, i n	sodium
O	Oxygenĭum, i n	oxygen
Pb	Plumbum, i n	lead
S	Sulfur, ŭris n	sulfur
Zn	Zincum, i n	zinc

II. LATIN NAMES OF ACIDs

The Latin names of acids consist of the noun “acĭdum”(acĭdum, i n - acid) and the concordant adjective of the 1^st group:

acĭdum + stem of the chemical element name + -ĭc/ōs- + -um

а) Latin adjectives with the suffix -ĭc- and the ending -um correspond to English adjectives ending by –ic.

E.g.:

· arsenic acid - Acĭdum arsenicĭcum (Arsenĭcum, i n ® arsenic + ĭc + um);

· sulphuric acid - Acĭdum sulfurĭcum (Sulfur, ŭris n ® sulfur + ĭc + um);

· silicic acid - Acĭdum silicĭcum (Silicĭum, i n ® silic + ĭc + um);

b) Latin adjectives with the suffix -ōs and the ending -um correspond to English adjectives ending by –ous.

E.g.:

· nitrous acid - Acĭdum nitrōsum (Nitrogenĭum, i n ® nitr + ōs + um);

· sulphurous acid - Acĭdum sulfurōsum (Sulfur, ŭris n ® sulfur + ōs + um);

· arsenicous acid - Acĭdum arsenicōsum (Arsenĭcum, i n ® arsenic + ōs + um).

c) Latin acid names with the prefix hydro- ending by -ĭcum correspond to English acid names with the prefix hydro- ending by -ic (Acĭdum hydrochlorĭcum – hydrochloric acid).

Attention!!! - Acid names used as drugs after pharmaceutical forms are written with the first capital letter:

E.g.:

· Tabulettae Acĭdi folĭci - tablets of folic acid

· Dragée Acĭdi ascorbinĭci - dragée of ascorbic acid

III. LATIN NAMES OF OXIDES, PEROXIDES, HYDROXIDES

Latin names of oxides, peroxides and hydroxides consist of two words:

· First one: name of a chemical element in Genitive

· Second one: word “oxўdum” (oxide), “peroxўdum” (peroxide) or “hydroxўdum” (hydroxide) in Nominative.

E.g.:

· Zinci oxўdum - zinc oxide

· Ferri oxўdum - ferric oxide

· Hydrogenĭi peroxўdum - hydrogen peroxide

· Calcĭi hydroxўdum - calcium hydroxide

Attention!!! - Names of oxides, peroxides and hydroxides are written after pharmaceutical forms with the first capital letter:

E.g.:

· Solutĭo Hydrogenĭi peroxўdi dilūta – diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide

IV. VOCABULARY

Learn names of acids:
1. acĭdum acetĭcum	acetic acid
2. acĭdum acetylsalicylĭcum	acetylsalicylic acid
3. acĭdum ascorbinĭcum	ascorbic acid
4. acĭdum benzoĭcum	benzoic acid
5. acĭdum borĭcum	boric acid
6. acĭdum folĭcum	folic acid
7. acĭdum glutaminĭcum	glutaminic acid
8. acĭdum hydrochlorĭcum	hydrochloric acid
9. acĭdum hydrosulfurĭcum	hydrosulfuric acid
10. acĭdum lactĭcum	lactic acid
11. acĭdum lipoĭcum	lipoic acid
12. acĭdum nicotinĭcum	nicotinic acid
13. acĭdum nitrĭcum	nitric acid
14. acĭdum nitrōsum	nitrous acid
15. acĭdum phosphorĭcum	phosphoric acid
16. acĭdum salicylĭcum	salicylic acid
17. acĭdum sulfurĭcum	sulfuric acid
18. acĭdum sulfurōsum	sulfurous acid
Learn names of drugs:
19. Camphŏra, ae f	camphora
20. Chinosōlum, i n	chinosol
21. Chloroformĭum, i n	chloroform
22. Coffeīnum, i n	caffeine
23. Hydrocortisōnum, i n	hydrocortison
24. Menthōlum, i n	menthol
25. Naphthalānum, i n	naphtalan
26. Phthalazōlum, i n	phthalazol
27. Prednisolōnum, i n	prednisolon
28. Synoestrōlum, i n	synoestrol
29. Talcum, i n	talc
30. Tannīnum, i n	tannin
Other words:
31. albus, a, um	white
32. depurātus, a, um	clear
33. dilūtus, a, um	diluted
34. flavus, a, um	yellow

V. EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Translate from English into Latin:

Oily solution of camphora for external use; chloroform for narcosis; liniment of synthomycin with novocain; solution of prednisolon for injections; glyceric solution of ichthyol; spirituous solution of iodine for internal use; solution of novocain in ampoules, solution of nicotinic acid; mucilages of althea root, diluted hydrochloric acid; boric acid; tablets of lipoic acid; dragée of ascorbinic acid, zinc ointment; clear sulfur, yellow mercury oxide, acetylsalicylic acid in tablets, tablets of amidopyrin and phenacetin of each 0,25; phenoxymethylpenicillin for suspension; oily solution of synoestrol in ampoules, powder for suspensions; suppositories with dimedrol for children; diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide; hydrosulfuric acid; nicotinic acid in tablets; acetic acid; phosphoric acid; magnesium peroxide; zinc oxide; calcium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide; benzoic acid.

Exercise 2. Translate the following prescriptions from English into Latin:

1) Take:	Folic acid 0,0008
	Ascorbic acid 0,1
	Give of such doses number 30 in tablet form
	Write on a label:

2) Take:	White mercurial ointment 5% - 25,0
	Let it be given
	Let it be labeled:

3) Take:	Spirituous solution of salicylic acid 1% - 40 ml
	Give
	Write on a label:

4) Take:	Acetylsalicylic acid
	Phenacetin of each 0,25
	Caffeine 0,05
	Give of such doses number 12 in a tablet form
	Write on a label:

5) Take:	Ointment of hydrocortison 1% - 10,0
	Give
	Write on a label:

6) Take	Dragée of ascorbic acid 0,05 number 50
	Give
	Write on a label:

7) Take:	Tablets of phthalazol 0,05 number 20
	Give
	Write on a label:

8) Take:	Tincture of plantain leaves 10,0 - 20 ml
	Give
	Write on a label:

9) Take:	Salicylic acid 5,0
	Zinc oxide 0,5
	Talc 50,0
	Mix to make a powder
	Let it be given
	Let it be labeled:

10) Take:	Yellow mercury oxide 0,6
	Ichthyol 0,80
	Ointment of zinc 20,0
	Mix to make an ointment
	Let it be given
	Let it be labeled:

11) Take:	Chloroform
	Ethyl alcohol 95% - 20 ml
	Ethyl ether 10 ml
	Liquid ammonia 5 drops
	Mix
	Give
	Write on a label:

12) Take:	Clear sulfur
	Magnesium oxide
	Sacchar of each 10,0
	Mix to make a powder
	Give
	Write on a label:

13) Take:	Anaesthesin
	Xeroform
	Talc of each 10,0
	Mix to make a powder
	Give
	Write on a label:

14) Take:	Coated tablets of glutaminic acid 0,25 number 100
	Give
	Write on a label:

15) Take:	Ichthyol 1,25
	Zinc oxide
	Wheat starch of each 12,5
	Vaseline up to 50,0
	Mix to make a paste
	Give
	Write on a label:

16) Take:	Phenobarbital 0,03
	Dimedrol 0,05
	Analgin
	Amidopyrin
	Acetylsalicylic acid of each 0,15
	Mix to make a powder
	Give of such doses number 20.
	Write on a label:

17) Take:	Salicylic acid
	Menthol
	Synthomycin of each 2,5
	Ethyl alcohol 70%-50 ml
	Mix. Give.
	Write on a label:

18) Take:	Diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide 10% - 30 ml
	Give.
	Write on a label.

19) Take:	Menthol 0,1
	Zinc oxide
	Boric acid of each 0,5
	Vaseline 10,0
	Mix to make an ointment
	Give
	Write on a label:

20) Take:	Benzoic acid 0,6
	Salicylic acid 0,3
	Vaseline 10,0
	Mix to make an ointment
	Give
	Write on a label:

21) Take:	Boric acid 0,1
	Chinosol 0,03
	Tannin 0,06
	Cocoa oil 2,0
	Mix to make a vaginal suppository
	Give of such doses number 10
	Write on a label:

22) Take:	Boric acid 5,0
	Zinc oxide
	Wheat starch of each 25,0
	Ointment of naphthalan 45,0
	Mix to make a paste
	Give
	Write on a label:

LESSON 6

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Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1099

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