NOMINATIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

In this lesson you will:

· Learn how to form the plural forms of nouns in the anatomical terminology.

· Learn how to form the plural forms of adjectives in the anatomical terminology.

· Learn abbreviations used in the anatomical terminology.

This lesson is divided into the following sections:

I. Nouns and adjectives endings in Nominative plural.

II. Formation of Nominative plural forms.

III. Abbreviations used in the anatomical terminology.

IV. Exercises.

V. Vocabulary

I. Nouns and adjectives endings in Nominative plural

The Latin nounshave Nominative plural endings as follows:

Declension
Gender	f	m	n	m, f	n	m	n	f
Endings	-ae	-i	-a	-es	-a(-ĭa)	-us	-ŭa	-es

Attention!!! – Remember one neuter noun of the 3^rd declension which has the Nominative plural ending -ia: rete – retia (network – networks). Other neuter nouns of the 3^rd declension, which have the Nominative plural ending –ia, are not used in the anatomical terminology.

The Latin adjectiveshave Nominative plural endings as follows:

Adjectives of the 1^st group + adjectives in the superlative degree	Adjectives of the 2^nd group	Adjectives in the comparative degree
m	f	n	m, f	n	m, f	n
-i	-ae	-a	-es	-ĭa	-es	-a

Attention!!! - All neuter nouns irrespective of their declension as well as all adjectives in the neuter formin Nominative plural end in –а(adjectives of the 2^nd group in -ĭa).

II. Formation of Nominative plural forms

In order to form the Nominative plural forms you should:

1) determine:

· declension and gender of a noun or

· group and gender of an adjective;

2) find the stem and form the plural form by adding to the stem the appropriate Nominative plural ending of this declension and gender.

E.g.:

	Declension, gender, group and degree of comparison	Stem	Nominative plural
Nouns
vena, ae f	1 declension, feminine	ven -	ven - ae
nervus, i m	2 declension, masculine	nerv -	nerv - i
spatium, i n	2 declension, neuter	spati -	spati - a
sinus, us m	4 declension, masculine	sin -	sin - us
cornu, us n	4 declension, neuter	corn -	corn - ŭa
facies, ēi f	5 declension, feminine	faci -	faci - es
Adjectives
cavernōsus	I group, masculine	cavernōs -	cavernōs - i
cavernōsa	1 group, feminine	cavernōs -	cavernōs - ae
cavernōsum	1 group, neuter	cavernōs -	cavernōs - a
frontālis	2 group, masculine or feminine	frontāl -	frontāl - es
frontāle	2 group, neuter	frontāl -	frontāl - ia
minor	Comparative degree, masculine or feminine	minor -	minōr - es
minus	Comparative degree, neuter	minor -	minōr - a

Attention!!! -In order to form the Nominative plural form of the nouns of the 3^rd declension you should:

1. form the Genitive singular form;

2. determine the stem (obtained from the Genitive form without its ending –is);

3. add the appropriate Nominative plural gender ending.

E.g.:

Dens	→ dent-is	→ dent-	+ -es	→ dentes
Forāmen	→ foramĭn-is	→ foramĭn-	+ -a	→ foramĭna

III. Abbreviations used in the anatomical terminology

Singular form	Plural form
A. – arteria	Aa. - arteriae
B. – bursa	Bb. - bursae
Gl. - glandŭla	Gll. - glandŭlae
For. - forāmen	Forr. - foramĭna
Lig. - ligamentum	Ligg. - ligamenta
M. - muscŭlus	Mm. - muscŭli
N. - nervus	Nn. - nervi
R. - ramus	Rr. - rami
Vag. - vagīna	Vagg. - vagīnae
V. - vena	Vv. – venae

IV. Exercises

1. Determine the dictionary form of each word:

alveŏli dentāles (dental alveoli), spatia interglobularia (interglobular spaces), valvŭlae venōsae (venous valvulae), nomĭna anatomĭca (anatomical names), juga alveolaria (alveolar eminences), venae intercostāles anteriōres (anterior intercostal venae), labia oris (lips of mouth), canalicŭli dentāles (dental small canales), facies articulāres (articular surfaces), ductus sublinguāles minōres (minor sublingual ducts), vasa sinusoiděa liēnis (sinusoid vessels of spleen), crura ossea (bony crura), arteriae ciliāres posteriōres longae (long posterior ciliary arteries).

2. Translate into Latin. Make up Nominative plural forms:

carotic (tuber, sulcus, canal), lymphatic (vessel, node, valve), incisive (canal, opening, fossa), articular (cavity, process, cartilage), nasal (concha, bone, opening), anterior (margin, surface, septum), palatine (tonsil, process), jugular (tubercle, incisure (slit), process), wing-shaped (canal, process, fossa), ethmoidal (crest, bone, foramen), occipital (region, lobe, opening), mammiform (process, incisure, opening), lower (wall, fissure, arch), transverse (process, lobe, ligament, artery), posterior (horn, nucleus, surface).

3. Determine the case, number and part of speech of each word in the terms:

1) venae rectāles inferiōres 9) ductus sublinguāles minōres

2) incisūrae cartilagĭnis 10) partes orbitāles ossis frontālis

3) meātus acustĭci 11) vasa sanguinea retīnae

4) rami cardiăci cervicāles inferiōres 12) nomĭna anatomĭca

5) regiōnes membri inferiōris 13) plexus venōsi vertebāles interni

6) sutūrae cranii 14) arteriae ciliāres posteriōres

7) radīces spināles 15) spatium intercostāle

8) canāles palatīni minōres

4. Make up Nominative plural of following nouns:

ala, ae f margo, ĭnis m paries, ētis m

arteria, ae f forāmen, ĭnis n fundus, i m

digĭtus, i m os, ossis n arcus, us m

septum, i n ductus, us m

alveŏlus, i m cornu, us n

ligamentum, i n sinus, us m

facies, ēi f

5. Form Nominative plural of the following terms:

1) processus ciliāris

2) arteria gastrĭca brevis

3) nodus lymphatĭcus lumbālis

4) glandŭla linguālis

5) ganglion thoracĭcum

6) vena nasālis externa

V. VOCABULARY

1. alveolāris, e	alveolar
2. alveŏlus, i m	alveole
3. anatomĭcus, a, um	anatomical
4. dentālis, e	dental
5. dorsālis, e	dorsal
6. foveŏla, ae f	foveola
7. gastrĭcus, a, um	gastric
8. intercostālis, e	intercostal
9. interglobulāris, e	interglobular
10. interlobulāris, e	interlobular
11. interspinōsus, a, um	interspinal
12. jugum, i n	eminence
13. nomen, ĭnis n	name
14. pectorālis, e	pectoral
15. retīna, ae f	retina
16. serrātus, a, um	serrate
17. sinusoiděus, a, um	sinusoid
18. spatĭum, i n	space
19. spinālis, e	spinal
20. sublinguālis, e	sublingual
21. synoviālis, e	synovial
22. carotĭcus, a, um	carotic
23. vas, vasis n	vessel
24. cartilāgo, ĭnis f	cartilage
25. rectālis, e	rectal
26. crus, cruris n	crus
27. lien, ēnis m	spleen
28. cardiăcus, a, um	cardiac

Lesson 10

Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1606

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