LATIN THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS. MASCULINE GENDER

In this lesson you will:

· Become familiar with the Latin third declension nouns.

· Learn how to find the stem of the third declension nouns.

· Learn the endings of the masculine third declension nouns.

· Become familiar with the structure of muscles names.

This lesson is divided into the following sections:

I. Particularities of the third declension.

II. Stem of Latin third declension nouns.

III. Endings of Latin third declension nouns.

IV. Exceptions to the rule of the masculine third declension nouns endings.

V. Latin muscle names.

VI. Exercises.

VII. Vocabulary

I. PARTICULARITIES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION

The third declension includes nouns of all the three genders which have different endingsin Nominative singular and –is in Genitive singular.

Parisyllaba and imparisyllaba third declension nouns

The Latin nouns of the 3^rd declension can be divided into parisyllaba and imparisyllaba.

The first group includes a few feminine nouns that have equal number of syllables in Nominative singular and Genitive singular, such as:

auris, is f –ear

cutis, is f –skin

The nouns that have one more syllable in Genitive singular than in Nominative singular are called imparisyllaba, cf. the following examples:

corpus, ŏris n –body

caput, ĭtis n –head

II. STEM OF LATIN THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS

The stem determination of Latin third declension nouns is of great practical significance because the stem gives the clue to the formation of most of the other forms, for example of plural forms.

The stem of nouns of the 3^rd declension is determined by the Genitive singular form.

The stem of nouns of the 3^rd declension is obtained from the Genitive singular form by dropping the ending –is.

E.g.:

III. ENDINGS OF LATIN THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS

Most nouns ending by –os, -or, -o, -er, -ex, -es (imparisyllaba) are masculine, cf.:

IV. Exceptions to the rule of the masculine third declension nouns ENDINGS

The following nouns having masculine endings are feminine:

a. arbor, ōris f – tree (arbor vitae cerebelli – medullary body of vermis)

b. gaster, tris f (Greek) - stomach;

c. mater, tris f – cerebral coat

· pia mater - pia mater of brain

· dura mater - dura mater of brain

Attention!!! - In these terms the noun «mater» follows an adjective.

The following nouns having masculine endings are neuter:

a. cor, cordis n - heart;

b. os, ossis n - bone;

c. os, oris n - mouth;

d. tuber, ĕris n - tuber.

Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1733