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III. The superlative degree
The superlative degree expresses a highest quality of thing or person as compared with the same quality of other things or persons.
You should remember the adjectives in superlative degree used in the anatomical terminology:
| · Latissĭmus, a, um | broadest |
| · Longissĭmus, a, um | longest |
| · Maxĭmus, a, um | greatest |
| · Minĭmus, a, um | least |
| · Suprēmus, a, um | supreme |
The dictionary form of the adjectives in the superlative degree coincides with the dictionary form of the 1st group adjectives and consists of three components:
1. adjective in the masculine form;
2. the feminine ending;
3. the neuter ending.
The superlative degree is declined on the pattern of the 1st and 2nd declensions, i.e. the adjectives have the masculine & neuter genitive ending –i, and the feminine genitive ending –ae.
VI. Exercises
1. Make up the dictionary form of the adjectives:
brevior (shorter); longior (longer); minor (small, minor); major (great, greater, major); anterior (anterior); posterior (posterior); superior (upper, superior); inferior (lower, inferior); simplicior (simpler).
2. Translate into Latin and make up grammatical agreement of the following nouns:
lower (sinus, part, spine); small (tubercle, opening, fossa); anterior (sulcus, tubercle, crest, opening, ligament); posterior (arch, surface, ligament); higher (process, opening, slit); great (sulcus, wing, head); small and great (horn).
3. Make up Genitive singular forms, find the stem:
major, jus (great, major); albior, ius (white); minor, us (small, minor); latior, ius (wider); inferior, ius (lower); simplicior, ius (simpler); superior, ius (upper, superior); longior, ius (longer); brevior, ius (shorter); posterior, ius (posterior); anterior, ius (anterior).
4. Make up Genitive singular forms:
tubercŭlum obturatorium posterius (posterior obturative tubercle); processus superior (superior process); incisūra ischiadĭca major (greater ischiadic slit); forāmen superius (superior opening); ramus superior (superior branch); arcus posterior (posterior arch); incisūra superior (superior slit); labium inferius (lower lip); facies posterior (posterior surface); cornu majus et minus (small and great horn); caput majus (greater head); ligamentum posterius (posterior ligament); sulcus major (greater sulcus), ala major (greater wing).
5. Make up grammatical agreement of following adjectives with nouns:
tubercŭlum thyr(e)oidě... superi... (superior thyroid tubercle); fissūra orbitāl... inferi... (lower orbital fissure); linea glutē... anteri... (anterior gluteal line); forāmen ethmoidāl... anter... (anterior ethmoidal opening); spīna tympanĭc... min... (small tympanic spine); processus articulār... inferi... (lower articular process); plexus hypogastrĭc.. superi... (superior hypogastric network); ligamentum longitudināl... anteri... (anterior longitudinal ligament).
6. Translate into Latin:
a) small tubercle; small horn; small pelvis
b) anterior arch; anterior plate; anterior leg
c) superior angle; superior surface; superior lip
7. Make up Genitive singular forms:
facies anterior (anterior surface); angŭlus inferior (lower angle); cornu majus (greater horn); ganglion superius (superior ganglion (nerve node)); pelvis minor (small pelvis); tubercŭlum majus (greater tubercle); arcus posterior (posterior arch); radix anterior (anterior root).
8. Determine the case of each word and the part of speech:
facies anterior partis petrōsae; linea temporālis superior; fovea articulāris processus articulāris superiōris; ala minor ossis sphenoidālis; arcus dentālis inferior; processus articulāris superior vertebrae lumbālis; ramus dexter venae portae; muscŭlus palpebrae superiōris; crista tubercŭli majōris; sulcus nervi petrōsi majōris; caput superius muscŭli pterygoiděi laterālis; tubercŭlum mediāle processus posteriōris tali; pars laterālis ossis occipitālis; hiātus canālis nervi petrōsi minōris; nervus cutaněus brachii laterālis inferior; processus maxillāris conchae nasālis inferiōris; ligamentum longitudināle anterius columnae vertebrālis.
9. Translate into Latin using superlative degree:
gluteus maximus muscle; the longest muscle of neck; superior nuchal line; longissimus chest muscle; supreme nasal concha; the widest back muscle bursa ;gluteus minimus muscle; the widest back muscle; scalenus minimus muscle; little (the fifth) finger.
VII. VOCABULARY
| 1. brevis, e | short |
| 2. bulbus, i m | bulb |
| 3. bursa, ae f | pouch, sac |
| 4. cavus, a, um | caval, hollow |
| 5. cervix, īcis f | neck |
| 6. cingŭlum, i n | girdle |
| 7. cutaněus, a, um | cutaneous |
| 8. dexter, tra, trum | right |
| 9. digĭtus, i m | finger; toe |
| 10. glutaeus, a, um | pertaining to buttocks |
| 11. hyoiděus, a, um | sublingual, hypoglossal |
| 12. jugulāris, e | jugular |
| 13. longitudinālis, e | longitudinal, lengthwise |
| 14. mediālis, e | medial |
| 15. nasālis , e | nasal |
| 16. nervus, i m | nerve |
| 17. ostĭum, i n | mouth, aperture, opening |
| 18. palpěbra, ae f | eyelid |
| 19. scalēnus, a, um | stairs-shaped |
| 20. talus, i m | ankle bone, talus |
| 21. tendo, ĭnis m | tendon |
| 22. thorax, ācis m | chest |
| 23. tibiālis, e | tibial |
| Positive degree of comparison | |
| 24. magnus, a, um | large, great |
| 25. parvus, a, um | little, small |
| Comparative degree | |
| 26. anterĭor, ĭus | anterior, front |
| 27. inferĭor, ĭus | lower |
| 28. major, us | large |
| 29. minor, us | small |
| 30. posterĭor, ĭus | back |
| 31. superĭor, ĭus | higher, upper |
| Superlative degree | |
| 32. latissĭmus, a, um | widest |
| 33. longissĭmus, a, um | longest |
| 34. maxĭmus, a, um | largest |
| 35. minĭmus, a, um | smallest |
| 36. suprēmus, a, um | highest |
Lesson 6
Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1449
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