Linguistic characteristics of D

1. Structural correlation of responses in a dialogical unit:

a) full, when a response is based on a lead:

c) zero: a response has an evaluative character (the most difficult type):

- we have only one basic school system.

- I don’t believe it’s as easy as that.

2. The number of responses: two-member – three-member units;

3. The character of responses: question, a statement, an imperative;

4. The communicative function in a D:

o asking for information;

o giving information;

o specifying information;

o requesting, persuading, invitations etc.

5. The degree of polemics:

o DU –unison: statement – development of the same idea;

o DU – with zero degree of polemics:

- statement – statement – statement –question;

- moderation – statement – doubt- - objection’

- high – statement – counterstatement – expressing disagreement or refutation.

Grammatical peculiarities:

a) elliptical sentences (when a subject r a ink-verb, or a preposition, there is/are constructions may be omitted);

b) usage of Present Simple/Pr. Continuous/Pr. Prefect Tenses;

c) contracted forms of modal and auxiliary verbs.

Lexical peculiarities:

a) conversational formulas and cliché;

b) silence-fillers (well, er, so, hm…);

c) modal words (of course, sure, no doubt).

Phonetic peculiarities:

a) phonetic ellipses: ‘cos, ‘cause…;

b) emphatic intonation (Low/High Rises/Falls…, stresses).

Extended remarks are complex units of D produced by one of the participants of a speech act which combine some qualities of M and D.

Extended remarks consist of several elementary components.

Receiving contact Monological part Establishing Contact