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Case study: Amur River transboundary pollution

ISW #2

Transboundary pollution of the hydrosphere

Amur River

Prepared by: Djusekeeva M

Checked by: Sabitova Dilda

 

Almaty 2012

Transboundary pollution of water

People have divided the planet and draw boundaries in their minds, but the reality is that the world is still unit and everything is interconnected.

Forgetting this simple thing we made the problem of pollution too complicated. One of the results of such thinking is the appearance of the term transboundary pollution of hydrosphere.

Transboundary pollution of hydrosphere is any significant adverse consequences arising from changes in the conditions of transboundary waters caused by human activity, the physical origin of which is situated wholly or partly in an area under the jurisdiction of the of a Party to the environment in the area under the jurisdiction of another Party, to the number of consequences for the environment include effects on human health and safety, flora, soil, air, water, climate, landscape and historical monuments or other physical structures or the interaction of these factors, among them also include effects on cultural heritage or socio-economic conditions resulting from alterations to those factors [1, article1, para2]

Case study: Amur River transboundary pollution

Since the mid-90s of last century, a sharp deterioration in water quality in the Amur advanced into the category of major environmental problems in the Khabarovsk Territory.

In the seventies and earlier years, evidence of deterioration of water quality were also observed, however, were largely seasonal in nature and did not have such serious consequences.

In the winter 1996 - 1997's everything changed suddenly and at once.

Water from taps and river fish was given to carbolic acid, have been reported cases of poisoning of domestic animals and even humans. In some areas of the edge of the authorities officially forbidden to use water and fish from the Amur River.

Studies of water samples showed the concentration of the record of the amount of polycyclic aromatic compounds phenol series, which marked the beginning of "phenolic" phase of the study of the Amur.

Already in February 1997 were organized by comprehensive research into the causes of the coming ecological crisis, which gave disappointing results.

It was found that the change in the organoleptic properties of water and the fish was not associated with a volley discharge phenol substances in the Amur River or its tributaries.

In the group of fish were detected volatile organic compounds (Ethanol, ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, esters of butyric acid, etc.) [2, page1, para5]

Source

Cause of the crisis is a trans-regional transport of large masses of pollutants from the upstream regions of the Amur. Under this hypothesis, evaluated the contribution of the Songhua River in the formation of the water quality of the Amur. For multiyear average hydrological data contribute to the formation of the Songhua River Amur runoff varies from 20 to 30 percent. During the floods it rises to 50 percent or more. Studies conducted in the winter 2000-2001, as well as in subsequent years by scientists of the Institute of Water and Ecological Problems, FEB RAS, showed the influence on the formation of the Sungari "quality" of the Amur waters, not only in the place of its confluence with the Amur River directly, but through the 300 km below flow. [2, page1, para14]



Water pollution of the Amur River is the result of industrial emissions, which account for a year about 10-12 billion tons of water fall in mechanical suspension, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, organochlorine compounds, including toxins come across, copper, arsenic, mercury, all kinds of petroleum products . In addition, bacteria that cause various infections. [3, para15]

 


Date: 2016-01-03; view: 1021


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