Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices: COMPOSITIONAL PATTERNS OF SYNTACTICAL ARRANGEMENT

Repetition

According to its place in the utterance (sentence) repetition is classified into several types:

1) anaphora: Should auld acquaintance be forgot

And never brought to mind?

Should auld acquaintance be forgot

And days of auld lang syne ? (Burns)

2) epiphora: / am exactly the man to be placed in a superior position in such a case as that.lam above the rest of mankind, in such acase as that.I can act with philosophy in such a case as that.(Dickens)

3) framing: Obviously - this is a streptococcal infection. Obviously.

4) catch repetition (anadiplosis): Now he understood. He understood many things.

5) chain: "To think better of it," returned the gallant Blandois, "would be to slight alady, to slight a lady would be to be deficient in chivalry towards the sex, and chivalry towards the sex is a part of my character." (D.)

6) ordinary repetition:

7) successive repetition: I wanted to knock over the table and hit him until my arm had no more strength in it, then give him the boot, give him the boot, give him the boot - I drew a deep breath. (J.Br.)

Lexical repetition:

'Oh, No, John, No, John, No, John, No!'((тот a folk song) And like a rat without a tail, Til do, I'll do, I'll do. (Shakespeare)

Alone, alone, all, all alone,

Alone on a wide, wide sea. (Coleridge)

Syntactic repetition:

Little Miss Muffet

She sar on a tuffet. (Nursery rhyme)

and also of later stylisations of the ballad character:

Ellen Adair she loved me well,

Against her father's and mother's will. (Tennison)

The skipper he blew a whiff from his pipe

And a scornful laugh laughed he. (Longfellow)

She has developed power, this woman — this — wife of his!

(Galsworthy)

Oh, it's a fine life, the life of the gutter. (Shaw)

A variant of syntactic repetition is a syntactic parallelism:

The seeds ye sow — another reaps, The robes ye weave — another wears, The arms ye forge — another bears. (Shelley) Few of them will return to their countries; they will not embrace

our holy religion; they will not adopt our manners. (B. Franklin) There were real silver spoons to stir the tea with, and real china

cups to drink it out of, and plates of the same to hold the cakes.

(Dickens)

prolepsis (syntactic tautology)

“Miss Tilly Webster, she slept forty days and nights without waking up. (O. H.)”

“My mother and sister, they went to the south last year.”

“Mother and I, we would drive into Helston once a week on market-days. It all seems very long ago”. (Daphne Da Maurier).

CLIMAX (gradation)

Ø logical climax:

“Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb, the prison had no knowledge of the brightness outside”. (Ch. Dickens).

He saw clearly that the best thing was a cover story or camouflage. As he wondered and wondered what to do, he first rejected a stop as impossible, then as improbable, then as quite dreadful.

Ø emotive climax “so”, “very”, “immensely”, “much more”, “too”, e.g.:

“He was so helpless, so very helpless” (Ch. Dickens);

“She felt better, immensely better” (W. Deeping);

"Is it shark?" said Brody. The possibility that he at last was going to confront the fish - the beast, the monster, the nightmare - made Brody's heart pound.

Ø quantitative climax:

“After so many kisses and promises (…), the lie given to hours, days, weeks, months of unspeakable bliss” (Th. Dreiser)

I am not in recession. I’m going fine. I’m well-off. I’m almost rich.

ANTICLIMAX

Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They can discover everything except the obvious.

Not all are annoying. Some are dead.

“God made the country and man made the town.” (Cowper);

“Don’t use big words. They mean so little”. (Oscar Wilde);

“Women are not meant to be understood. They are meant to be loved”. (Oscar Wilde).

America is the Paradise for women. That is why, like Eve, they are so extremely anxious to get out of it!

antithesis(a variant of Syntactic Parallelism) (антитеза, противопоставление)

Yet each man kills the thing he loves,

By each let this be heard,

Some do it with a bitter look,

Some with a flattering word,

The coward does it with a kiss,

The brave man with a sword!

(O.Wilde)

God made the country, and man made the town (Cowper).

Shallow men believe in luck. Strong men believe in cause and effect.

A saint abroad, and a devil at home.

Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven.

They speak like saints and act like devils.

Art is long, life is short; One man's meat is another man's poison; Some people are wise, some otherwise. (B. Shaw)

As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I

rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but as he was

ambitious, I slew him. There's tears for his love; joy for his fortune;

honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. (Shakespeare)

Youth is full ofpleasance,

Age is full of care;

Youth like summer morn,

Age like winter weather (ib.)

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 6150