Manure and fertiliser distribution machinery

S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro-Technical University

Technical faculty

Department of Agricultural and post-harvesting Machines

LABORATORY WORK

) on subject) on subjecton subject «Adjustment and linkage of Agricultural machines»

Theme: Manure and Fertiliser Distribution Machinery

Astana 2012

Authors: Yeskhozhin К. – Candidat of Techical Sciense, Associate Professor of the Department of Agricultural and post-harvesting Machines.

Educational-methodical __________ is designed for training on discipline "Fundamentals of tractors" for students on specialty 5B080600 - "Agricultural techniques and technology"

Educational-methodical instructions are made according to the working curriculum of specialty.

Methodical instructions are intended for students of specialties 5В080600 – « Agricultural techniques and technology» and includes laboratory occupation tasks and independent work, educational literature lists and control questions for self-examination.

Reviewers: Doctor of Technical Science, Professor S.O. Nukeshev;

Reviewed and recommended at a meeting of the Department of Agricultural and post-harvesting Machines.

Protocol № ___, of "__" ___________ 2012.

Reviewed and recommended at a meeting of the methodical commission of Technical Faculty.

Protocol № ___, of "__" ___________ 2012.

1. To study the construction of Manure and Fertiliser Distribution Machinery.

2. To study the construction of plough components and its functions.

3. To study the Farmyard manure spreaders, Controls and Adjustments.

4. To study the slurry spreaders, Broadcasters, Full Width Distributors. Controls and adjustments.

5. To study the auger Spreaders, Aerial Spreaders

6. To study the Electronic Monitoring Systems

Manure and fertiliser distribution machinery

The most common application technique for distributing dry mineral fertilizer is spreading with a fertilizer spreader. Other application techniques for fertilizer are injec­tion of anhydrous ammonia and spraying liquid fertilizer.

The first fertilizer spreaders were introduced at the end of the 19th century. Most of these spreaders were plate-and-flicker type spreaders. Spinning disc spreaders are described from this time on, but their share of the market remained small until about 1950. The main reasons for this small share where the unpredictable and disappointing results caused by the unknown influences of physical properties, wind and driving speed. Improvement of techniques and the availability of adjusting data made possible the introduction of the spinning disk type spreaders on a larger scale. The first spinning disc spreaders had only one disc. Spinning disc spreaders with two discs were introduced many years later in the 1960s.

A manure and fertilizer spreader has to meet the following qualifications:

^• Equal distribution of the fertilizer in both transversal and longitudinal direction, with full and partly empty hoppers, with different travel speeds and different application rates;

^• Sufficient capacity of the hopper;

^• Possibilities for adaptation to relative high crops;

^• Easy and accurate adjustment of mass flow;

^• Possibilities for border spreading;

^• High resistance against corrosion;

^• Easy cleaning;

^• High capacity.

Physical Properties of the Fertilizer. The most important physical property for the motion in the spout is the coefficient of friction. The effect of the coefficient of friction on the discharge velocity is rather diverse. There is an interaction with the oscillation angle of the spout at the start of the motion. A higher coefficient of friction results initially in a lower discharge velocity but after a certain oscillation angle a higher coefficient of friction results in higher discharge velocities. There is hardly any effect of coefficient of friction for those particles that cross the spout twice and leave the spout when sliding along the spout wall.

Manure spreaders

Three types of manure spreader - rear delivery, rotary and side spreader - are used to spread solid and semi-liquid manure. The rear delivery manure spreader is basically a trailer with a power driven moving floor conveyor and a combined shredding and spreading mechanism. Side spreaders have a triangular section body with a large auger which conveys the manure to a paddle-type spreading mechanism at one side of the machine. Rotary manure spreaders have a power take-off driven rotor shaft in a cylinder shaped hopper carrying a number of flails on heavy duty chains which throw the manure from the side of the spreader onto the ground. Many farmyard manure spreaders have hydraulic brakes and the larger models have tandem sprung axles with flotation tyres.

Figure 12.1 This 8 tonne manure spreader with hydraulic floor conveyor drive has a spreading width of up to 8 m.

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 1229