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The Objective Participial ConstructionThe functions of Participle 1 in the sentence. 1) Participle 1 Indefinite Active is an attribute. In this function Participle 1 can be in pre-position and in post-position. It can precede the noun it modifies and follow it. Participle 1 in pre-position hardly ever has accompanying words. Participle 1 in post-position as a rule has several or more accompanying words. Participle 1 Indefinite Passive is seldom used as an attribute. Participle 1 Indefinite Active and Passive is not used attributively. Cannot express priority in this function. Attribute expressed by Participle 1 can be detached and separated by comma. Ex.: The fence surrounding the garden is newly painted. We admired stars twinkling in the sky. 2) Participle 1 as an adverbial modifier. All the forms of Participle 1 can be used as an adverbial modifier. Participle 1 Indefinite expresses an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb. Participle 1 Perfect expresses an action prior to the action expressed by the finite verb. Participle 1 can be an adverbial modifier: ---of time ---of cause ---of manner and attendant circumstances ---of comparison Ex.: Having closed the drawing room door on him,she awaited a little. Having being a little in that line myself, I understood it. She was silent,again looking at her hands. This was said as if thinking aloud. 3) Participle 1 as a predicative. Is seldom used in this function. Ex.: The affect of her words was terrifying. 4) Participle 1 as a part of complex object. Ex.: I saw that young man and his wife talking to you on the stairs. 5) Participle 1 as a part of compound verbal predicate. Ex.: Presently other footsteps were heard crossing the room below. 6) Participial phrase as parenthesis. A single participle is not used,only phrase. Ex.: Generally speaking,I hate reading. The functions of Participle 2 in the sentence. 1) Participle 2 as an attribute. Can be used in pre-position and post-position. An attribute expressed by Participle 2 may be detached,in this case it often has an additional meaning of an adverbial modifier. 2) Participle 2 as an adverbial modifier. It is preceded by the conjunctions when , while, if, as though… Participle 2 can be an adverbial modifier of: ---of time ---of condition ---of comparison ---of concession 3) Participle 2 as a predicative. 4) Participle 2 as a part of complex object. Ex.: When guestioned Anna had implied vaguely,that ahe was sad. That was a breach of the law which if discovered would bring them to the police court. As if torn with inner conflict and indecision,he cried. Her spirit though crushed , was not broken. In spite of himself, he was impressed. She has found me unaltered, but I have found her changed. Predicative constructions with the participle: The Objective Participial Construction The Subjective Participial Construction The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
The Objective Participial Construction Is a construction in which the participle is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case. In the Objective Participial Construction Participle 1 Indefinite Active or Participle 2 is used. The Objective Participial Construction may be found: ---after verbs denoting sense perceptions such as to see,to hear, to feel,to find. ---after some verbs of mental activity, such as to consider, to understand. --- after verbs denoting wish, such as to want , to wish,to desire. In such sace Participle 2 is used. ---after the verbs to have and to get. Only Participle 2 is used. In interrogative and negative sentences the auxiliary verb to do is used. Occasionally the meaning of the construction is different. Ex.: I heard my wife coming I considered myself engaged to Klesmer The governor wants it done quick. I had my coat altered. Why don’t you have your hair waved? The wounded man has his amputated Date: 2015-12-11; view: 3138
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