CATEGORIES:

Biology Chemistry Construction Culture Ecology Economy Electronics Finance Geography History Informatics Law Mathematics Mechanics Medicine Other Pedagogy Philosophy Physics Policy Psychology Sociology Sport Tourism

The passive voice is NOT a tense, it does not relate to time. You can

change the time by changing the verb ‘to be’.

• The house was damaged in the storm

• Many people have been taken prisoner

• Five people were killed in the accident

• My car is being repaired today

• More energy will be imported from Russia in the future

- 26 -

Unit 10

Used to

A few years ago, I lived in a big city

Today, I live in the countryside. I used to live in a big

City.

Used to + verb (infinitive) àsomething I did in the past but don’t do

Today.

• I stopped smoking last year. I used to smoke twenty cigarettes a

Day.

• I used to like her a lot, but then she changed. I don’t like her very

Much now.

• Before we had children, we used to travel a lot, but now we don’t

Travel any more.

• You play the piano, don’t you? – I used to, but I don’t have much

Time these days.

- 27 -

Unit 11

Get used to

In Europe, people drive on the right. In England, people drive on the left.

When I came to England for the first time, it was difficult to get used to

Driving on the left.

Get used to + verb (-ing) Something that was difficult at first, but

Becomes normal with time or practice.

• When you go to live in a foreign country, it takes time to get used to

Living there.

Be used to

If you have got used to doing something, you can say that you are used

To doing it

• My job was hard at the beginning, but I’m used to it now

• I’m used to getting up early, but I didn’t like it when I started

• France is very different from England, but I’m used to living here

Now

- 28 -

Unit 12

I will do

Future 1

I have a shower every day. This morning I

Had a shower. Tomorrow, I will have a

Shower.

I go

you will/won't do

he/she be

We have

They ...etc

Will I

Questions

You

He she it

They

go?

say?

do?

be?

Etc.

- 29 -

Will is used for the future:

• Tomorrow, I will be in Manchester on business

• Don’t call tonight, I won’t be at home

• It will be a hard match, but I’m sure we’ll win

Will often shows we are not sure

• I think it will rain this afternoon

• I don’t know what to do – maybe I’ll ask Jan about it

Will can mean a spontaneous decision

• The phone’s ringing – I’ll answer it

If you don’t have a pen I’ll lend you one

Shall

Shall is the same as will when used with I and we:

• I shall be late / I will be late

• We shall buy some souvenirs / we will buy some souvenirs

q

This is not an absolute rule as the following examples show:

ü You shall go to the ball, Cinderella

ü You shall be taken and hanged by your neck until you are

dead

ü She shall have music wherever she goes

- 30 -

Unit 13

Going to

Planned/certain future (2)

Tonight there is a

football match on

television. I like

football.

Hi Jane, do you have

plans for tonight ?

Hi Jeanne, I’m going to

watch the football

match on television.

Past Present Future