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Siobhan has some money
Yann doesn’t have any money
We usually use some in positive sentences, and any in negative sentences
and questions.
John: I have some friends in Chicago
Ian: Really, do you have any friends in Chicago, Sean?
Sean: I haven’t got any friends.
It is different when weoffer something:
ü Would you like some tea?
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Unit 17
much/many/a lot
We use much with uncountable
nouns, in negative sentences and
questions
ü How much money have you
got ?
ü -I’don’t have much time
We use many with plural nouns
A lot of luggage / a lot of bags
Not much luggage / not many bags
ü Did you see many people ?
ü I don’t have many CD’s
ü I’ve been to many countries
A lot of can be used everywhere !
ü I have a lot of money
ü I don’t have a lot of friends
ü Do you have a lot of
furniture ?
ü I’ve got a lot of ideas
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Unit 18
can/could
Can is used to express ability:
ü I can play the guitar
ü Joan can swim very well
ü Ivan hasn’t got a car because he can’t
Drive
ü Can you cook?
We also use can for permission (giving and
Asking for)
ü Can I sit here? Yes, you can
ü It’s OK, you can go home now
When asking for things, it’s more polite to use could:
ü Could you open the window?
ü Could you give me your name, please?
Could is also the past of can. We use it to talk about things we were
able to before:
üI could skate very well when I was young
üJane could walk before she was one year old
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Unit 19
must/have to
Obligation
We use must when we believe something is necessary:
§ It’s a great book, you must read it
§ I must call my parents tonight
§ You must come over for dinner
We use have to when we are obliged to do something, even if we don’t
want to do it.
§ I have to get up early for work tomorrow
§ I have to complete my tax return before Friday
§ Do I have to?
Prohibition
When something is not permitted, we use mustn’t:
§ You mustn’t smoke here, it’s forbidden
§ It’s a secret, you mustn’t tell anyone
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Don’t have to
Don’t have to isnot the same as mustn’t
Is it allowed?
YES
NO
You can go
You mustn’t go
Permission
Prohibition
Is it necessary?
YES
You must go
You have to go
Obligation
NO
YouDON’T HAVE TO
go
No Obligation
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Unit 20
big/small/beautiful
Adjectives
In English, the adjective is before the noun:
ü An interesting book
ü A difficult project
ü He’s got blue eyes and brown hair
ü I just love Indian food
ü This lovely red dress is not expensive
Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1055
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