INTEGRATION

Integration is the opposite of partitioning, it implies combining two or (seldom) more source sentences into one target sentence

Generally, integration is а translation device wholly depending оп sty­listic peculiarities and communication intent of the text being translated. 1n oral translation, however, integration may be а text compression tool (see below), when аn interpreter (consecutive or simultaneous) is to reduce the exuberant elements of the source text to keep in расе with the speaker.

An example will do to illustrate the idea of integration:

Олена Філіп’єва любuть усі свої партії. Якщо якусь із них довго не виконує - почuнає за ними сумувати.

Olena Filip'eva loves аll her roles and even misses them should too much

time pass without performing them.

TRANSPOSITION

Transposition is а peculiar variety of inner partitioning in trans­lation meaning а change in the order of the target sentence syntactic elements (Subject, Predicate, Object, etc.) as compared with that of the source sentence dictated either by peculiarities of the target lan­guage syntax or by the communication intent.

An example will suffice to illustrate the idea of transposition.

«The flight will bе boarding at Gate 17 in about fifteen minutes», the girl added with а smile - «Прuблизно за п’ятнадцать хвилин на цей рейс буде посадка біля выходу номер 17», - посміхнувшись додала дівчина.

REPLACEMENT

Replacement is аny change in the target text at the morphologi­cal, lexical and syntactic levels of the language when the elements of certain source paradigms are replaced bу different elements of target paradigms

Тhе replacements are necessary because English and Ukrainian рossess different language systems. It goes without saying that this fact is very important for translation and explains тапу translation problems.

Thus, replacement is а universal and widely used translation device. Оne may even say that replacements in that or another form are observed in апу translation from English into Russian and еven more so - from Ukrainian into English.

Тhе following basic types of replacements are observed in English­- Ukrainian translation:

1. Replacement of Noun Number and Verb Tense and Voice Para­digms, e.g., replacing Singular Form bу Plural and vice versa; re­placement of Active Voice bу Passive; replacement of Future bу Pre­sent, Past bу Present, etc.

2. Replacement of Parts of Speech (the most common is replacing Ukrainian Nouns by English Verbs when translating into English /see in more detail below/; соmmon enough is the replacement of English 'Nomina agentis' /drinker, sleeper, etc./ by Ukrainian Verbs).

Date: 2014-12-29; view: 1203