I. Give the meaning of each of these words and expressions as it is used in the text.
to be in charge of; to apply for; Product Development; drawings; Legal Department; a fair market for the product; it will take a few years for it to catch on; to run an advertising campaign; in will be to our advantage; to decide on size; to be the biggest selling point; a set that turns itself off; to think out; to include; to expand; meanwhile; a price tag; to surprise; each; in these case; failure; in many cases; however; to rob of success; very few of these; you know it is; now that you mention it.
II. Arrange the following words into sentences:
1. for, the, product, a market, fair there, is.
2. may, the bigger, selling, button, be, the automatic, go-to-sleep, point.
3. to, run, a campaign, good, advertising, have, shall, we.
4. the, will, still, product, testing, are, we.
5. soon, a, patent, apply, for, we, able, shell, to, be.
XVIII. Write the letter of the expression which ought to be used:
1. We applied for a patent soon after ...
a). the product had been tested;
b). the product was tested;
c). the product was been tested.
2. We decided to do the job ...
a). himself;
b). ourselves;
c). yourself;
d). themselves.
3. If you could have ensured the success of our new product, we ...
a). would have been happy;
b). will be happy;
c). had been happy.
4. He was quite confident ...
a). that we will win the market;
b). that we shall win the market;
c). that we would win the market.
5. He bought a new car and then decided to sell ...
a). she;
b). her;
c). it;
d). itself.
6. Last year he decided that he ...
a). has been retiring;
b). will retire;
c). would retire.
7. The number of new products ... steadily increasing.
a). are;
b). were;
c). is.
8. The main problem of promoting innovations ... already been mentioned.
a). has;
b). having;
c). have.
9. If the market had been studied carefully, our product ... .
a). will be a success;
b). would be a success;
c). would have be a success;
d). would have been a success.
10. Who has the drawings now? – Mr. Brown ...
a). is having it;
b). is having them;
c). has it;
d). has them.
XIX. Change the following into indirect speech, noticing that you must replace colloquialisms and slang expressions by more formal expressions.
a). He said, “My boss always want to see me slogging away in his office. I lead a proper dog’s life. He talks like mad most of the time and nearly blows his top when anything goes wrong.”
b). “He is stony-broke and his marriage has gone on the rocks,” Mary said.
c). He said, “I had a go at the sum but got fed up when I couldn’t do it.”
XX. Explain what emotion or state of mind is usually indicated by each of the following:
1) He raised his eyebrows.
2) He shook his head.
3) He nodded his head.
4) She stamped her foot.
7) He shook his first.
8) He scratched his head. 9) She put her hands on her hips.
5) She clapped her hands.
6) His lips curled downwards.
10)She wrinkled up her nose.
3).
XXII. Subjects for Discussion and Composition.
A. Discoveries and Inventions
What is the difference between a discovery and an invention? Can you give some examples of each, to make the difference? What was the greatest era of geographical discoveries? What was the era of scientific discoveries and inventions? What scientific discoveries have had the greatest effect on our lives? What medical discoveries have? What inventions have?
B. The Benefits of Science to the Community
Have you ever studied science? Do you know any scientists personally? What are the uses of pure science to a community? It what way does applied science benefit our own community?