GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTIONS

A noun in Common or Possessive Case/a possessive pronoun + The Gerund

On the teacher(’s) coming the students stood up.

Когда преподаватель вошел, студенты встали.

The professor insisted on our participating in the discussion.

Профессор настаивал на том, чтобы мы приняли участие в обсуждении.

There was no hope of their finishing the experiment in time.

Не было никакой надежды на то, что они закончат опыт во время.

Petrov’s refusing to help me surprised me greatly.

То, что Петров отказался мне помочь, очень меня удивило.

Verbs Used Only with the Gerund

admit, avoid, consider, deny, discuss, delay, enjoys, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, involve be, mention, mind, miss, postpone, put off, practice, prevent, report, risk, suggest

The Gerund is used after the following Gollactions:

Feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, it’s no use/good, there’s no point in, be worth, be busy

Verbs used with the Gerund and the Infinitive. The choice between the Gerund and the Infinitive depends on the meaning of these verbs.

Verbs	the Gerund	the Infinitive
remember	помнить I remember seeing you somewhere. Я помню, что видел вас где-то.	вспоминать I remember to see you soon. Я помню, что мне нужно вас вскоре навестить.
forget	He forgot opening the windows. Он забыл, что открыл окно.	He forgot to open the window. Он забыл открыть окно.
regret	сожалеть о случившемся She didn’t regret, accepting his offer. Она не сожалела, что приняла его предложение.	сожалеть о том, что следует сказать I regret to say I feel ill. К сожалению, я должен сказать, что заболел.
try	пробовать We tried cooking this sauce. Мы попробовали приготовить этот соус.	стараться Try to understand. Постарайся понять.
stop	переставать, прекращать He stopped smoking. Он перестал курить.	останавливаться He stopped to smoke. Он остановился, чтобы закурить.
go on	продолжать Go on talking. Продолжайте говорить.	далее We went on to discuss a curious story. Затем мы обсудили странную историю.
propose	предлагать I propose waiting till he comes. Я предлагаю подождать, пока он придет.	намереваться I propose to start tomorrow. Я намереваюсь начать завтра.
want	нуждаться This job wants doing at once. Эту работу необходимо сделать немедленно.	хотеть He doesn’t want to work so hard. Он не хочет работать так усердно.
mean	означать Missing the train means waiting for an hour. Опоздать на поезд озна-чает еще час ожидания.	намереваться I mean to get to the top by sunrise. Я намереваюсь подняться на вершину до рассвета.

Ex.1. Find non-finite forms expressing a) simultaneousness of action

b) priority:

treating, being treated, having been treated, being isolated, reducing, having obtained, oxidizing, having investigated, being reduced, occurring, being weighed, having done, heating, being measured

Ex.2. Translate into Russian. Mind the functions of the Gerund.

To chemists the word “salt” denotes a myriad of important chemical compounds. After their being crystallized they vary in colour and in form.

Their being found in nature as minerals is well-known. One salt can be transformed into another by treating it with another salt or with an acid or a base. Except in those cases in which a salt is produced through the reaction of a metal with an acid, most methods of making salts involve double-replacement reactions.

In preparing salts by any of these methods, a question naturally arises: is it possible to get a salt by separating in from the other products of reaction? After preparing a new salt it is necessary to name it in accordance with the rules mentioned above. These rules being correct can be proved by many examples.

Ex.3. Change the underlined clauses so as to use Gerunds.

Model 1: We know that Mendeleev stated The Periodic Law. We know of Mendeleev’s having stated The Periodic Law. Model 2: After he had failed in January he had to take the examinations again in February. After failing in January he had to take the examinations again in February.

1. When the young man graduated from the University he went abroad. 2. The teacher disapproves that we miss classes. 3. He remembered that he had spent a lot of time on the report. 4. She insisted that she would make the experiment itself. 5. The student admitted that he had improved his English during the second semester. 6. They are thankful that they have been given a chance to participate in this research work. 7. We were afraid that you could come too late. 8. After they had passed their exams they had a party. 9. We know that silver and copper are good conductors of electricity. 10. They know that there is a possibility that they may find the necessary samples. 11. I was angry with her because she was so lazy. 12. That you were absent last lesson doesn’t free you from handing in your essay.

Ex.4. State the functions of the Gerund and translate the sentences. Compose your own sentences with the Gerund in different functions.

1. Reading much is good for your work.

2. One of his habits was reading an hour in the afternoon.

3. He enjoyed reading books at night.

4. He is fond of reading.

5. He is in the habit of reading.

6. After reading an hour he left the laboratory.

Ex.5. Give situations using the following combinations of words.

to succeed in, to be capable of, to be clever (good, bad) at, to be in the habit of, to have an opportunity of, to take an interest in, to be responsible

Ex.6. Translate into English using the Gerund.

1. Он настаивает на немедленном решении данной проблемы.

2. Ты не против подождать несколько минут?

3. Нельзя быть в форме, не занимаясь спортом.

4. Нам сообщили, что в лаборатории были получены новые результаты.

5. Они поздравили его с завершением работы.

6. Ее удивило то, что он не читал этой книги.

7. Мы были удивлены тем, что результаты опыта еще не были обсуждены.

8. Он гордился тем, что он знаменит. И о нем все говорят.

9. Она извинилась за свои пропущенные занятия.

10. Им удалось определить молекулярный вес газа.

11. Я не помню, чтобы ты говорил, что хочешь помочь им.

12. Не забудь выключить свет перед уходом из лаборатории.

13. Я невольно услышал их разговор.

14. Нет смысла ждать весь день.

15. Они не привыкли работать с этим прибором.

Oral and Written Speech Aspect

TEXT B

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 3483

<== previous page	\|	next page ==>
NANOTECHNOLOGY	\|	CATALYSIS

doclecture.net - lectures - 2014-2024 year. Copyright infringement or personal data (0.008 sec.)