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Shortering in Close SyllableVovel + consonant + consonsnt short Vowel in closed syllable OE ME Inf. Cepan kepan (keep) Past Cepte kepte(e) (kept) e\e:\ \e\ exeption: long Vowel was preserved without any changes at all in the thoughtant condition + lengthening Consosnant Claster ( ld\nd) inf. Wenan wenen (think) past wende wende
Consonant Claster long vovel + consonant in 3 sylabyc word > vovel became short ( laferce laferce larke (lark) The main distinctive in OL is shorteting of vovel 2. Lengthening in the open syllable (ME, NE) All volvels became long Open syllable V > vovel V a-e o-o o, a Q ca-ru care (care) ta-lu tale (tale) ma-cian maken (make) we-rian weren (wear) ste-lan stelen (steel) specan speken (speak) 3. Monoftongisation of old English dipfthongs 1. During the OL->MD all d. disappeared to monophthongs 11c 12c ea --- -\\- e:a----- ae-> ae -> e ae:-> ae: -> a:
eo -\\- eo: e->e -> e e:->e: -> e: ea -ae a: eald - ald(old) healf half deop dep\deep
2. Rise of new diphth. In ME OE ME 1st narrow+2nd wide (wider them the 1st) 1st wid, broad + 2nd short, narrow
Types of dyphth. In ME: 1) Vovel + peletive fricative Η \J\ -> diph.+i + Vidar spirant 3 \γ\ -> diphth. w \u\ I ΐe3 -> ai\ay dae3 -> dai\day [day] eη -> ei\ey wei\wey e3 -> ei\ey 3re3 -> grei\grey 2) W a3 -> aw dra3an -> drawen aw -> o:w a3en -> owen (own)
3) AU Vowel + h (voiceless spirant) -> diph. A+h -> ough O+h -> ough dah -> dough [u:] -> [au] 3enoh inough (enough)
Changing in long vovels Rise of long fround \ back labialised vowels When Narrow vowel was followed by fricative cons. -> long vowel I: -- +3 -> (ti3le tile; sti3en stien (ascend) I --
Y: -- 3 -> I (ry3e -> rie (rye); gry3e drie (dry) Y
U: -- 3 -> u (ou, ow) bu3an -> bowen (bow); fu3ol -> foul (bird) U
3 \γ\ 5.Sometimes no changes: Vowel +l\r +3 -> no vowel ( l3 -> lw (); r3 ->rw) 3al3e -> galwe (gallows) mor3en -> morwen -> to-morrow-> morning
6. Leveling in unstressed syllables (innovation in ME) *\ ύ\ it caused changes in spelling and grammar Inf.suffix an- -> en -> e -> 0 ( bindan -> binden -> to binde; stanas -> stQnes -> stones )
ME grammatical changes Noun grammatical catigories OE ME Gender 3-> 0 Case 4->2 Nomber 2 -> 2 Plur.end. -as->es Of genitive case To+ Dative case With\by + Instrum.
OE -> Early ME -> Late ME -> Early -> new Nom -- -\\- Acc- --- -\\- Dat --------------- -\\-common Gen -----------------------possesive meaning
Adjective OE LME Gend 3->0 Cases 5 -> 0 Number 2-> 0 Def\Indef 2-> 0 Compar. 3- 3 analytical form Degrees of comparison OE ME Comp -ra -er Super -est\-ost -est More, most +polisylabics Double Case changes: Nom +Acc Gen COMMON CASE Dat -- Instr -- Datve Weak forms preserved final e in sing.and pl. and in LME e disappeared, so no diff. between weak and strong
ME Pronounce ςθ βθ Thee\thou you (then only in poetry) Many personal pronouns is Scandinavian origin: we wij; sei she
17.10.12
Los of unstressed a -final e plural forms of substanstanive ( noun) # pers sing present indicative ~ ed (past tens) - e + consonants es \iz\z\s\ In some cases A was preserved & was transformed in short I in certain groups The same situation happened with adjectives Participle 2 learned - nd ed id Spelling rules with A mute e - was preserved to indicate a long root vowel - was introduced to new words to indicate new long sounds
Final letter e was lost in words ending we as morwe ( morning) In the 16 th st. final W developed in to diphthong \ou\ morrow
Loss in consonants in clusters Type of consonant simplification
\SJ\ - \S\ \ZJ\- \Η\ \ZJU\ -\ΗU\-\ ΗE\ \TJ\ - \TS\ \TJU\ - \TSE\
gnat komar
Vowel + k\g + n \kgn\ acknowledge \n\ knight * h despaired forehead, shepherd, Notingham mb m thoumb mn n column n l myln mill ndm mn grandmother handsome mdk nk nk handkerchief stl sl castle ktl-kl directly skl sl muscle \w\ +\r\ write, wrap, wring \hw\ -\w\ who which why
Separet fonetic changes in the 17 th st .
London dialect BBC English Short u short a - u- spelling o spelling because of fracture come, some, love, ou- spelling rought, enough, young, double
oo spelling - a blood, flood \u\ was not transformed in short\a\ labial ( p, b, f, w)consonants + \u\ = \u\ bull bully bullet bulletin bullion butcher bush pull pulpit push pudding put puss full wolf NB bulp pulse pulmonary butler NB \k\ + \u\ - u cushion
Development & disappearing of some sounds vowel + \X\ + \\ - vowel + t light brought ou monoftongonaised Final x- f caught final x despaired at all dough though through Sound l was lost before certain consonants l + k talk walk l+m\f\v\ - mfv palm calm half l + d d should would
Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1442
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