Tavi 7. CasaSvebi nagebobebis agebis

Teqnologia

CasaSvebi Webi gamoiyeneba CaRrmavebuli miwisqveSa nagebobebis: satumbi sadgurebis, miwisqveSa garaJebis, masiuri da CaRrmavebuli sadgurebis da sxv. mowyobisas.

CasaSvebi Webi klasificirdeba Semdegnairad:

? masalis mixedviT _ rkinabetonis, betonis, liTonis, xis, qvisa da aguris;

? Wis formis mixedviT _ mrgvali, marTkuTxa, kvadratuli, CaRrmavebuli torsuli kedlebiT (nax. 7.1).

a) g)

nax. 7.1. CasaSvebi Wis kveTebis formebi:

a _ mrgvali; b _ kvadratuli; g _ marTkuTxa; d _ CaRrmavebuli torsuli kedlebiT;

1 _ kedeli; 2 _ ganivi kedeli.

kvadratuli da marTkuTxa forma saSualebas iZleva racionalurad iyos gamoyenebuli Siga saTavsis farTobi, magram mrgvali formis CasaSvebi Webis mSenebloba ufro ekonomiuri da martivia. mrgvali CasaSvebi Wa ukeTesad muSaobs kumSvaze da misi mowyoba SesaZlebelia: monoliTuri rkinabetonis, asawyobi Txelkedliani rkinabetonis panelebis an asawyobi rkinabetonis Rrutaniani blokebisagan.

monoliTuri rkinabetonis kedlebiT Wis ageba mizanSewonilia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es miwisqveSa nageboba gegmaze rTuli moxazulobisaa da CasaSvebi Wa asawyobi elementebisagan konstruqciulad ufro rTuli Sesasrulebelia, vidre monoliTuri.

sxva SemTxvevaSi rekomendebulia, CasaSvebi Wa moewyos asawyobi Txelkedliani rkinabetonis brtyeli panelebisa da Rrutaniani blokebisagan. rkinabetonis Rrutaniani blokebi mizanSewonilia gamoyenebul iqnes Rrma CaRrmavebis msxvili CasaSvebi Wis mSeneblobisas, rodesac CaSvebis siRrme aRwevs 30_40 m-s. Tu CaRrmaveba ar aRemateba 20_25 m-s, ufro gamoiyeneba brtyeli Txelkedliani rkinabetonis panelebi (nax. 7.2).

nax. 7.2. CasaSvebi Wis mowyobis principuli sqema:

1 _ Wis kedlebi daniT; 2 _ eqskavatorebi; 3 _ badia gruntisaTvis;

4 _ yalibi ficarnagebiT; 5 _ amwe; 6 _ pioneruli mTxrebli;

7 _ buldozeri; 8 _ amosasvleli Txrili; 9 _ gruntis nayari;

10 _ TviTsacleli; 11 _ eqskavatorebi gruntis datvirTvisTvis.

Txelkedliani Wis CaSveba rekomendebulia ganxorcieldes tiqsotropul perangSi. maTi zomebi meryeobs farTo diapazonSi: mrgvali Webis diametri aRwevs 70 m-s, marTkuTxa formis _ 2×2 m-dan 200×52 m-mde; CaSvebis siRrme _ 5_25 m-mde. sayrdenis mowyoba danis qveS Wis agebis procesis pirveli etapia. Wis danis saimedo dayrdnoba, racionalurad da swored SerCeul gruntze dayrdnobis sqema garantias iZleva, droebiTi sayrdenebidan moxsnis Semdeg, CaSvebis pirvel metrebze daiwyos Tanabari Cayursva gruntSi. CasaSvebi Wis danis qveS droebiTi fuZis mosawyobad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva tipis konstruqciebi (nax 7.3).

nax. 7.3. droebiTi sayrdeni konstruqciebisa da fuZeebis variantebi asawyobi CasaSvebi WebisaTvis:

a _ wnevis gadacema sayrden rgolebze foladis sabjenebisa da xis dgarebis saSualebiT; b _ wnevis gadacema sayrden rgolebze xis dgarebis saSualebiT; g _ wnevis gadacema inventaruli liTonis nakeridan;

d _ wnevis gadacema monoliTuri danidan;

1 _ gare sayrdeni rgoli; 2 _ liTonis sabjeni; 3 _ WanWiki; 4 _ kedlis paneli; 5 _ xis dgari; 6 _ xvreli asafeTqebeli nivTierebis CalagebisaTvis; 7 _ maryuJi sayrdeni rgolis asawyobi elementis gaTrevisaTvis; 8 _ Siga dasaSleli sayrdeni rgoli; 9 _ xis Zelakebi;

10 _ Semkvrivebuli RorRi; 11 _ fiqsaciis kuTxovana; 12 _xis doinji;

13 _ betonis moWimva; 14 _ liTonis doinjebi; 15 _ liTonis dana;

16 _ saamortizacio Suasadebi; 17 _ liTonis qvesadebebi; 18 _ monoliTuri dana; 19 _ yalibi; 20 _ prizmebi qviSa-xreSovani gruntisagan.

mcire zomis WebisaTvis gamoiyeneba Cafluli qviSis baliSi xis qvesadebebiT, romelic mzaddeba mrgvali morebis an xis Zelakebisagan. didi zomis CasaSvebi WebisaTvis sayrdenebi mzaddeba xis fenilebisagan, fuZed ki gamoiyeneba datkepnili RorRi. Wis danas abetoneben winaswar momzadebul TxrilSi. aseTi sayrdenebi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac CasaSvebi Wa igeba sust gruntebSi.

kedlebis mowyoba. Wis CaSveba xSir SemTxvevaSi xorcieldeba gruntis wylis doneze dabla, amitom betons, romliTac igeba Wis kedlebi, unda hqondes maRali simkvrive da wyalSeuRwevadobis koeficienti. Wis kedlebisa da Zros asagebad gamoiyeneba betoni wyalcementis fardobiT 0.4_0.45, wyalSeuRwevadobiT W4_W6, yinvamedegobiT 100_150, ZvradobiT 40_60 mm. betonSi aucilebelia superplastifikatoris gamoyeneba. Semkvrelad gamoiyeneba portlandcementi, widaportlandcementi, da Tu mSenebloba ganxorcieldeba agresiul pirobebSi _ specialuri sulfatomedegi cementi. betonis narevis gamkvriveba xorcieldeba vibratorebiT.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac CasaSvebi Wis kedlebi adgilze betondeba, dabetonebis procesSi mas yofen iarusebad, iarusebs ki _ blokebad. Tu Wis simaRle ar aRemateba 10 m-s, misi dabetoneba mimdinareobs erT iarusad, xolo Tu aRemateba 10 m-s _ ramdenime iarusad da TiToeulis simaRle ar aRemateba 6_8 m-s. momdevno iarusis dabetoneba dasaSvebia mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac qveda iarusis betoni miiRebs 1.2_1.5 mpa simtkices.

kedlebis daarmaturebas axorcieleben qarxanaSi damzadebuli armaturis karkasebiT an mTliani blokebiT. yalibad gamoiyeneba Txelkedliani rkinabetonis fila-garsi an xe-liTonis inventaruli yalibi.

bolo periodSi mSeneblobaSi gavrcelda CasaSvebi Wis agebis teqnologia asawyobi unificirebuli brtyeli elementebisagan. aseTi konstruqciebiT SeiZleba 8_25 m diametris da 30 m-mde simaRlis Wis ageba. sirTules warmoadgens elementebs Soris nakerebis Sevseba. nakerebs Tavdapirvelad avseben maRalmarkiani duRabiT, xolo Semdeg _ bijiT yovel 200 mm-ze, Signidan da garedan amagreben liTonis firfitebiT (sigane 50 mm, sisqe 12 mm). hidroizolaciis mizniT liTonis elementebi garedan ifareba bitumis emulsiiT, Siga mxridan icaven armaturis badiT, torkretbetoniT da hidroizolaciis feniT.

CasaSvebi Wis ageba asawyobi rkinabetonis elementebisagan sagrZnoblad amcirebs Sromis danaxarjebs kedlebis agebisas da amcirebs mSeneblobis vadebs.

Zros mowyoba. CasaSvebi Wis Zros mosawyobad gamoiyeneba miwisqveSa dabetoneba (nax. 7.4).

a) b)

nax. 7.4. CasaSvebi Wis Zros wyalqveSa dabetonebis sqema:

a _ dabetoneba vertikalurad gadasa-adgilebeli miliT (vgm); b _ dabetoneba aRmavali duRabis meTodiT (adm);

1 _ caluRi milebis dasamagreblad; 2 _ mimRebi Zabri; 3 _ eleqtrovibratori; 4 _ Wis gadaxurva; 5 _ wyalqveSa betonis baliSi; 6 _ xreS-RorRovani fena; 7 _ susti betonis zeda fena _ 100_150 mm, romelic SemdgomSi iWreba; 8 _ vertikaluri betonmimwodebeli milebi;

9 _ cementsarevi danadgari; 10 _ msxvili RorRisa da wvrili qvis fena.

dabetoneba xdeba vertikalurad gadasaadgilebeli miliT ("vgm") an aRmavali duRabis meTodiT ("ad"). Zros miwisqveSa dabetonebas "vgm" asruleben Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:

? saproeqto niSnulamde CaSvebis Semdeg Wis Ziri iwmindeba lamisagan hidroelevatoriT an erliftiT;

? 300 mm sisqis fskeris fuZeze awyoben xreS-RorRovan momzadebas;

? Wis zeda nawili ixureba xis ficrebis feniliT.

fenilSi datovebul xvrelebSi uSveben betonmimwodebel milebs, razec xistad aris damagrebuli vibratori da zeda nawilSi Cadgmulia Zabri duRabis misaRebad. betonmimwodebeli milebis raodenoba damokidebulia dasabetonebeli Zros farTobze, vinaidan erTi mili abetonebs 30_40 m² farTobs, milis moqmedebis saangariSo radiusi miiReba 3_3.5 m.

"vgm" miliT wyalqveSa dabetonebisaTvis gamoiyeneba sxmuli betoni maRali ZvradobiT: konusis jdeniT 14_15 sm, rac miiReba maplastificirebeli qimiuri danamatebis gamoyenebiT.

Tu dabetoneba xdeba aRmavali duRabis meTodiT, gamoiyeneba maRalZvradi plastificirebuli duRabi wyalcementis fardobiT wyali/cementi=0.65_0.85. cementis xarji aseT duRabSi miiReba 500_700 kg/m³.

betonis samuSaoebis dawyebis win dasabetonebel Zros yofen iarusebad da blokebad. Tu Zros sisqe aRemateba 1.2_1.5 m-s, miiReba dabetonebis oriarusiani sistema. TiToeuli iarusi gegmaze iyofa blokebad. maTi raodenoba damokidebulia betonis narevis miwodebis intensivobaze.

CasaSvebi Wis kedlebisa da Zros hidroizolacia. CasaSveb WaSi hidroizolaciis mowyoba aucilebeli proceduraa, amiT gamoiricxeba wylis moxvedra Wis SigniT, xolo konstruqciis betoni daculi iqneba gruntis wylebis agresiuli zemoqmedebisagan. hidroizolaciis mosawyobad gamoiyeneba cnobili meTodebi da masalebi: torkretbetoni an SeRebviTi bitum-benzinis naerTi, sxmuli asfaltbitumis an liTonis izolacia. kedlebze, betonis zedapirze daaqvT torkretbetoni minimum sam fenad. TiToeuli fenis sisqe 5_7 mm-ia. SeRebviTi hidroizolacia bitum-benzinis xsnariT sruldeba aseve sam fenad. xsnari betonis zedapirze daaqvT specialuri mowyobilobiT, romelic Sedgeba kompresoris, daxuruli tevadobis, saqSenisa (nacmebi) da Slangebisagan.

dawebvis hidroizolacia SeiZleba moewyos mxolod Zros zedapirze. mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis hidroizoli, farTo hidrosaizolacio reziniT gaJRenTili lentebi an sqeli afskebi.

gacilebiT ufro efeqturia hidroizolaciisSesrulebapenetronis sistemis masalebiT. penetroni an penetron-admiqsi uzrunvelyofs kedlebisa da Zros maRali xarisxis hidroizolacias. es masalebi xasiaTdeba hidroizolaciis maRali efeqtiT da zemoT CamoTvlil meTodebTan SedarebiT maTi gamoyeneba naklebad Sromatevadia.

Wis CaSveba. CasaSvebi Wis daSveba SeiZleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rac mTliani kedlis betoni miaRwevs 100%-ian simtkices. Tanamedrove mSeneblobaSi miRebulia Wis CaSvebis ori xerxi:

1 _ mSralad, wyalamoRvriT an gruntis wylis donis xelovnuri daweviT;

2 _ wyalamoRvris gareSe, wylisqveS gruntis damuSavebiT.

Wis CaSvebis xerxi damokidebulia samSeneblo moednis hidrogeologiuri Tvisebebisa da mSeneblobis adgilobriv pirobebze da unda iyos gansazRvruli mSeneblobis organizaciis proeqtSi.

Wis mSralad CaSvebisas gamoiyeneba gruntis damuSavebis Semdegi sqemebi:

? WaSi grunti muSavdeba eqskavatoriTa da buldozerebiT, zedapirze ki amoaqvT badiebiT;

? WaSi grunti muSavdeba greiferebiT.

Tu Wis CaSveba gadawyvetilia wyalamoRvris gareSe, grunti WaSi muSavdeba greiferebiT.

WaSi grunti muSavdeba Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: pirvel rigSi, Wis Sua nawilSi grunti muSavdeba 2_4 m-mde siRrmeze; danis mxridan toveben 3 m-mde siganis begis nawils, romelsac fena-fena (fenis sisqe 100_150 mm, sigane 200_300 mm) amuSaveben bolo rigSi. begis nawils amuSavebs buldozeri, romelic moZraobs Wis kedlis gaswvriv. ase TandaTan muSavdeba grunti WaSi, rac saSualebas aZlevs rkinabetonis Was simZimis zemoqmedebiT CaeSvas saproeqto niSnulamde.

qalaqis mWidrod dasaxlebuli pirobebisaTvis Zalian efeqturia miwisqveSa garaJebis aSeneba CasaSvebi Wis meTodiT (nax. 7.5).

CasaSvebi Wis qveda nawilSi mowyobilia danis elementi (nax. 7.5-a), romelsac eyrdnoba zeda monoliTuri blokebi (5). blokebs Soris nakerebs amuSaveben (nax. 7.5-g) betoniTa da armaturis ReroebiT an liTonis zesadebiT (18), romelic mieduReba Siga liTonis hidroizolaciis furclebs (19) (nax. 7.5-e). qveda nawilSi blokebs akavSireben erTmaneTTan monoliTuri sartyliT (nax. 7.5-v).

CasaSvebi Wis kedlebis gruntTan xaxunis Zalis Semcirebis mizniT Wis perimetrze awyoben tiqsotropul perangs (6), romelic iqmneba danis gafarToebuli nawiliT (igi 20 sm-iT metia, vidre Wis gare diametri) Wis kedlisa da gruntis zedapirebs Soris.

Tixovani suspenzia mzaddeba specialur danadgarebSi (16) da rezinis SlangebiT miewodeba koleqtorSi (9), iqidan ki ineqciuri milebiT (4) _ tiqsotropul perangSi. or koSkur amwes (8) badiebiT (3) amoaqvT grunti mTxreblidan da tvirTaven avtoTviTmclelebze. mTxreblidan gruntis wylebis moSorebisaTvis gamoiyeneba tumbo (13) da milis (12) saSualebiT gadaitumbeba qalaqis wyalsarin sistemaSi. Wis garsis Tanabrad CaSvebisaTvis mTxreblSi grunti muSavdeba eqskavatoriT (2). gruntis damuSaveba mimdinareobs simetriulad Wis centrze (0) gamavali ori RerZis mimarT, gruntis moculobis Tanmimdevruli matebiT yovel ubanze.

a) b)

nax. 7.5. asawyob-monoliTuri garsis Cayursvis samuSaoebis warmoeba tiksotropul perangSi:

a _ CasaSvebi Wis Wrili; b _ gegma; g _ danis nawilis detali;

d _ vertikaluri pirapiris detali; e _ vertikaluri pirapiris detali liTonis zesadebiT; v _ horizontaluri pirapiris detali.

muSebis Casasvlelad WaSi mowyobilia liTonis kibe (11), xolo muSaobis usafrTxo pirobebis SeqmnisaTvis _ Sesakidi fenilebi (10). Wis sivrciTi sixiste daculia monoliTuri rkinabetonis sartyliT (7). kedlis blokebis montaJi xorcieldeba TviTmavali amweebis saSualebiT (17). gruntis damuSavebis Semdeg, rodesac Wa dadgeba saproeqto niSnulze, awyoben monoliTuri rkinabetonis Zros (Zirs).

Nawili III

Date: 2016-06-13; view: 8