Nax. 6.1. meTodiT "kedeli gruntSi" nagebobebis agebisas

konstruqciuli gadawyveta:

a _ grZivi da gegmaze Caketili nagebobebi; b _ calke dayenebuli sayrdenebi; g _ saZirkvlebi-sayrdenebi gruntis birTviT.

kedlebis mowyoba monoliTuri rkinabetonisagan. mzidi konstruqciebis mowyobis periodis dawyebamde (meTodiT "kedeli gruntSi") unda Sesruldes mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi: miwismTxreli manqanebis montaJi (gamarTva) Txrilebis damuSavebisaTvis; mowyobilobaTa gawmenda da mzadyofnaSi moyvana Tixovani duRabis (suspenziis) momzadebisaTvis; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, forSaxtebis _ mimmarTvelebis mowyoba Txrilebis Tavze (meqanizmebis muSaobis procesSi icavs Txrilebis napirebs Camongrevisagan) (nax. 6.2).

nax. 6.2. forSaxtebis konstruqciebi:

a, b _ rkinabetonisagan; g _ liTonisagan.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sayrdeni kedeli ("kedeli gruntSi") ewyoba mWidrod dasaxlebul adgilebSi, arsebuli Senobebis axlos, miwis da dabetonebis samuSaoebi unda Catardes monazomebis mixedviT. sxva SemTxvevaSi, samuSaoebi tardeba nakadurad, monazomebis gareSe da unda ganxorcieldes Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT (nax. 6.3):

? Txrilebis dayofa ubnebad SemzRudvelebis gamoyenebiT;

? armaturis karkasis da betonmimwodebeli milebis montaJi;

? betonmimwodebeli milebiT betonis narevis Calageba;

? Tixovani duRabis amodevna.

mowyobilobebi Txrilebis dabetonebisaTvis meTodiT "vertikalurad asawevi milebiT" (SemoklebiT "vam") moicavs Semdeg elementebs:

? betonmimwodebeli milebis kompleqti (rgolis, seqciis sigrZe 1_6 m);

? CasatvirTi Zabri milis zeda Tavze da mowyobilobebi milebisa da ficarnagebis Camosakidad.

nax. 6.3. gruntSi monoliTuri rkinabetonis kedlis mowyobis teqnologiuri sqema:

a _ Txrilis damuSaveba greiferiT Tixovani duRabis dacviT;

b _ armaturis karkasis CaSveba; g _ dabetoneba meTodiT "vam";

1 _ Tixovani suspenziis miwodeba; 2 _ betonis miwodeba; 3 _ Tixovani suspenziis amotumbva.

betonCamwyobi milebiT SeiZleba CaRrmavebuli nagebobebis mowyoba 50 m-ian siRrmeze. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dabetoneba xdeba Tixovani duRabis gamoyenebiT, is unda momzaddes bentonituri Tixebis an adgilobrivi msuqani plastikuri Tixebisagan.

betonis narevi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia vibrodaWirxvniT CalagebisaTvis, unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs: betoni unda iyos erTgvarovani struqturis, adviladCawyobadi da akmayofilebdes moTxovnebs fizikur-meqanikur Tvisebebze (simtkice, wyaluJonadoba da sxv.). cementis comis masa betonis narevSi unda aRematebodes narevSi sicarieleebis moculobas 40_80 l/m³, qviSis moculoba unda avsebdes msxvili Semavseblebis marcvlebs Soris sicarielis moculobas.

betonis narevi, romelic gamoiyeneba wylisa da Tixovani suspenziiT dabetonebisaTvis, unda momzaddes iZulebiTi cikluri moqmedebis betonsarevSi an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, gravitaciuli cikluri moqmedebis betonsarevSi. betonis narevis transportirebisa da momzadebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes avtobetonsarevi (miqseri).

betonis narevi, romelic miewodeba TxrilSi betonmimwodebeli milebiT, unda iyos gamkvrivebuli vibrirebiT. am mizniT gamoiyeneba 1 kvt-ze meti simZlavris siRrmiTi vibratorebi, romlebic xistad aris damagrebuli mimwodebeli milis qveda rgolze da gamkvrivebis garda Tanabrad anawilebs narevs blokSi. betonis narevi porciebad miewodeba Txrils, mis mTlianad avsebamde. betonis narevis Calagebis procesSi betonmimwodebeli milis qveda rgoli (seqcia) mudmivad unda iyos CaRrmavebuli betonSi 0.75 m-ian siRrmeze. amis kontrolisaTvis betonmimwodebeli milis zeda seqciebze 0.5 m bijiT daaqvT niSnebi cifruli indeqsaciiT.

betonis narevis miwodeba TxrilSi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ramdenime miliT erTdroulad. es dasaSvebia maSin, rodesac betonis narevis gaSlis radiusi orjer aRemateba milebs Soris manZils. wyalqveSa dabetonebis procesSi betonis narevis gaSlis maqsimaluri radiusi ar aRemateba 2.5 m-s, Tixovani suspenziis dros _ 3.0 m-s. betonis narevis Calagebis dros betoni unda miewodebodes TxrilSi uwyvetad, Sesvenebis gareSe. Tu Sesveneba aucilebelia gauTvaliswinebeli SemTxvevisas, dabetonebisas Sesvenebis periodi ar unda aRematebodes 1_1.5 sT-s.

Tixovani suspenzia, romelic amoidevneba Txrilidan dabetonebis procesSi, gadaitumbeba saTadarigo tevadobaSi an mezobel monazomze.

Txrilis dabetoneba unda ganxorcieldes manamde, sanam betonis fena 200 mm-iT ar dafaravs saproeqto niSnuls. es saWiroa zedmeti dabinZurebuli betonis mosaSoreblad kedlis zedapiridan.

satransporto gadakveTebis mSenebloba. vinaidan satransporto gadakveTebis sxvadasxva doneze mSenebloba xorcieldeba SezRudul pirobebSi da ZiriTadad am monakveTSi unda SenarCundes transportis moZraoba, saWiroa mSeneblobis vadebis maqsimaluri Semcireba. am moTxovnas yvelaze metad akmayofilebs meTodi "kedeli gruntSi": Tavdapirvelad amohyavT monoliTuri sayrdeni kedlebi, Semdeg ayeneben gvirabis gadaxurvas (es saSualebas iZleva daCqardes saqalaqo transportis moZraoba), xolo Semdegi etapebia: gruntis damuSaveba pandusebze da gadaxurvis qveS, santeqnikuri, eleqtrosamontaJo, sagzao da mosapirkeTebeli samuSaoebis ASesruleba.

satransporto gadakveTebis mSenebloba mimdinareobs ormonazomiani sistemiT, risTvisac calkeuli monazomi iyofa individualur ubnebad (nax. 6.4). pirvel rigSi I da II ubnebze amzadeben sayrden kedlebs transportis moZraobis Sewyvetis gareSe orive urTierTgadamkveT quCebze.

"kedeli gruntSi" meTodiT sayrdeni kedlebis agebisas saWiroa daculi iyos Semdegi teqnologiuri Tanmimdevroba. sayrdeni kedlebi iyofa 4_5 m sigrZis seqciebad. mSeneblobis procesSi Tavdapirvelad ageben kent seqciebs 1, 3, 5 da a.S., Semdeg ki _ luw seqciebs.

nax. 6.4. satransporto gadakveTis mSeneblobis sqema meTodiT "kedeli gruntSi":

a _ samuSaoTa Tanmimdevroba ubnebis mixedviT; b _ sayrdeni kedlis agebis teqnologiuri Tanmimdevroba.

sayrdeni kedlebis ageba meTodiT "kedeli gruntSi" mimdinareobs Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:

1. TiToeuli seqciis sazRvarze, mis RerZebSi CaburRaven milebs, saproeqto niSnulis miRwevisas milebi amoaqvT;

2. gruntis damuSaveba greiferiT betonitis duRabis qveS (mza WaburRilebs Soris);

3. gruntis damuSavebis Semdeg milebis CaSveba WaburRilebSi (saWiroa mezobel seqciasTan kavSirisaTvis);

4. armaturis karkasis dayeneba;

5. betonis Calageba wyalqveSa dabetonebis meTodiT;

6. gruntis damuSaveba luw seqciebSi;

7. armaturis karkasis dayeneba luw seqciebSi;

8. luwi seqciebis dabetoneba.

"kedeli gruntSi" meTodis gamoyenebisas transportis moZraobis Sewyvetis xangrZlivoba 3_4-jer mcirdeba da amasTan erTad, 2_3-jer mcirdeba mSeneblobis xangrZlivoba, sagrZnoblad mcirdeba mSeneblobis Rirebulebac.

es meTodi, agreTve, misaRebia mravalsarTuliani garaJebis mSeneblobisaTvis qalaqis SemWidroebul pirobebSi.

filtraciis sawinaaRmdego fardis mowyoba. gruntis Tvisebebidan da tenianobidan gamomdinare irCeven kedlis amoyvanis meTods. kedeli SeiZleba iyos amoyvanili "mSrali" an "sveli" meTodiT.

"mSrali" meTodiT warmoebisas "kedeli gruntSi" amohyavT dabaltenianobis mdgrad gruntebSi. sxva SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba "sveli" meTodi, romelic SemdegSi mdgomareobs: gruntis damuSavebisas miwismTxreli manqanebiT Txrili ivseba Tixovani tiqsotropuli duRabiT, romelic icavs Txrilis kedlebs CamoSlisagan.

monoliTuri filtraciis sawinaaRmdego fardis mowyoba meTodiT "kedeli gruntSi" mimdinareobs Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT (nax. 6.5):

1. torsuli WaburRilebis mowyoba monazomze;

2. Txrilebis damuSaveba ubnebad miwismTxreli manqanebiT: pirvel rigs amuSavebs mobrunebulCamCiani eqskavatori, Semdeg ki saproeqto niSnulamde Txrils amuSavebs greiferi. miwis damuSavebasTan erTad Txrili ivseba Tixovani duRabiT;

3. monazomze armaturis karkasebis montaJi da TxrilSi betonmimwodebeli milis CaSveba;

4. betonis narevis Calageba vertikalurad gadasaadgilebeli milis saSualebiT. betonis Calagebis procesSi mezobel monazomSi an saTadarigo tevadobaSi amoidevneba Tixovani duRabi.

nax. 6.5. "kedeli gruntSi" _ filtraciis sawinaaRmdego kedlis mowyobis teqnologia:

1 _ forSaxtis mowyoba; 2 _ Txrilis damuSaveba monazomis sigrZeze;

3 _ SemzRudvelebis mowyoba (monazomebs Soris zRudarebis);

4 _ armaturis karkasis mowyoba; 5 _ monazomis dabetoneba vertikalurad gadasaadgilebeli miliT.

"kedeli gruntSi" konstruqciis armatura warmoadgens sivrciT karkass perioduli profilis foladisagan. karkasi unda iyos 10_12 sm -iT viwro, vidre Txrilis sigane. TxrilSi karkasis Calagebis win mizanSewonilia armaturis Reroebi dasveldes wyliT, riTac mcirdeba armaturaze Tixovani afskis gaCenis SesaZlebloba, imatebs armaturis SeWidebis xarisxi betonTan.

dabetoneba xorcieldeba betonmimwodebeli liTonis milebiT. milebis diametri _ 250_300 mm, kedlebis sisqe _ 8_10 mm.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac monazomis sigrZe aRemateba 3.0 m-s, mizanSewonilia dabetoneba Sesruldes ori betonmimwodebeli miliT.'

betonis narevis plastikurobisa da betonis fizikur-meqanikuri Tvisebebis gazrdis mizniT, betonSi unda iyos gamoyenebuli superplastifikatorebi. kerZo SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saWiroa wyalgaumtari betonis konstruqciis miReba, betonis narevis momzadebis procesSi gamoiyeneba iseTi maRalefeqturi hidrosaizolacio masala, rogoricaa penetron-admiksi.

betonis narevis Calagebisas narevs amkvriveben vibratorebiT, romlebic xistad magrdeba betonmimwodebeli milebis boloebze. Sesvenebebi dabetonebis procesSi ar unda aRematebodes: zafxulSi _ 1.5 sT-s, zamTarSi _ 30 wT-s.

"kedeli gruntSi" _ kedlebis mowyoba asawyobi rkinabetonisagan.miwisqveSa nagebobaTa mowyobisas meTodiT "kedeli gruntSi" SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes asawyobi rkinabetonis konstruqciebi. aqve unda aRiniSnos is faqtorebi, rom rkinabetonis elementebis gamoyenebisas saWiroa specialuri teqnologiuri aRWurviloba, rTuldeba elementebis transportireba samSeneblo moednamde da montaJisaTvis saWiroa mZlavri amweebi, maTi eqspluatacia ki sagrZnoblad Zviria. rkinabetonis konstruqciebisagan miwisqveSa nagebobis agebis teqnologia moicavs Semdeg procesebs (nax. 6.6): Txrilis damuSaveba, suspenziis miwodeba, asawyobi konstruqciebis montaJi, suspenziis amotumbva da erTdroulad ineqciuri milebiT cement-qviSis duRabis miwodeba. ineqciur milebs ayeneben panelebze an panelebs Soris RreCoSi. cementis duRabi avsebs warmoqmnil sicarieleebs elementebis nakerebSi da sicarieleebs elementebisa da Txrilis kedlebs Soris.

nax. 6.6. samuSaoTa warmoebis teqnologiuri sqemebi _ miwisqveSa nagebobis mowyoba asawyobi rkinabetonisagan:

a _ Txrilis damuSaveba; b _ panelebis montaJi; g _ ubeebis tamponireba;

1 _ Tixovani suspenziis miwodeba; 2 _ Tixovani suspenziis amotumbva;

3 _ satamponaJe duRabis miwodeba.

konstruqciebi "kedeli gruntSi" asawyobi rkinabetonis elementebisagan naCvenebia 6.7 naxazze. aseTi konstruqciebi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aris mkvriv gruntze dayrdnobis SesaZlebloba.

nax. 6.7. asawyobi kedlebis konstruqciuli sqemebi:

a _ panelebisgan; b _ dgari panelisagan;

1 _ Casatanebeli detalebi; 2 _ armaturis naSverebi;

3 _ samontaJo maryuJebi;

4 _ ineqciis mili; 5 _ dgari; 6 _ kedlis paneli;

7 _ Zros (Ziris) fila;

8 _ satamponaJe masala;

9 _ forSaxti; 10 _ gruntis ankeri.

mocemul naxazze warmodgenili konstruqciebis montaJisas ar aris uzrunvelyofili panelebis mWidro mimxroba erTmaneTTan, ar aris miRebuli mTlianobaSi wyaluJonadi kedeli. amitom wyaluJonadi kedlis misaRebad saWiroa elementebs Soris mimxrobis adgilebi (pirapirebi) Seivsos cement-qviSis duRabiT.

miwisqveSa kedlebis asawyob-monoliTuri konstruqciebiT mowyoba. kedlebis monoliTuri an asawyobi konstruqciebi xasiaTdeba ramdenime nakliT. ZiriTadi naklia: monoliTuris _ kedlebis zedapiris dabali xarisxi, romelic gamowveulia Txrilis kedlebis uswormasworobiT; asawyobisTvis _ asawyobi elementebis didi masa da maRali TviTRirebuleba. asawyob-monoliTuri konstruqciebi xasiaTdeba zedapiris maRali xarisxiT da ufro ekonomiuria.

asawyob-monoliTuri konstruqciebis variantebi meTodiT "kedeli gruntSi" warmodgenilia 6.8 naxazze. 6.8-g varianti gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gruntis mzidi fena ganlagebulia did siRrmeze.

a) b) g)

nax. 6.8. rkinabetonis panelebi:

a _ brtyeli; b _ mravalcarielobiani; g _ wibovani.

asawyob-monoliTuri "kedeli gruntSi" SeiZleba moewyos orfeniani panelis saxiT (nax. 6.9), romlis erTi nawili warmoadgens asawyobi rkinabetonis panels muSa armaturis naSverebiT, meore nawili ki _ monoliTur konstruqcias, romelic ewyoba panelis montaJis Semdeg.

a) b)

nax. 6.9. asawyob-monoliTuri konstruqciebis variantebi:

a _ CaRrmavebuli nageboba kedlis zeda iarusSi asawyobi panelebisagan da qveda iarusSi monoliTuri betonisagan; b _ sayrdeni kedeli orfeniani panelisagan;

1 _ qarxnuli damzadebis rkinabetonis fila; 2 _ monoliTuri nawili;

3 _ ankeri.

asawyob-monoliTuri konstruqciebis mowyobis samuSaoebi mimdinareobs Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT (nax. 6.10):

? forSaxtis mowyoba;

? pioneruli Txrilis Sevseba Tixovani suspenziiT;

? Txrilis damuSaveba;

? monazomis gamoyofa asawyobi panelebis montaJisaTvis da droebiTi SemzRudvelis dayeneba;

? Txrilis fskeris gawmenda;

? monazomze suspenziis Secvla;

? safenis mowyoba betonisagan (Calageba "vam");

? asawyobi rkinabetonis elementebis montaJi;

? SemzRudvelis dayeneba, monoliTuri nawilis gadaweva tamponaJis zonaSi;

? betonis milebis dayeneba armaturis karkasebs Soris;

? asawyob-monoliTuri kedlis monoliTuri nawilis dabetoneba;

? monoliTuri sartylis mowyoba;

? gruntis birTvis damuSaveba, droebiTi ganmbjenebis dayeneba;

? nagebobis Zros (Ziris) dabetoneba;

? gadaxurvisa da sxva mudmivi samagrebis mowyoba.

nax. 6.10. gruntSi asawyob-monoliTuri kedlis mowyobis teqnologiuri sqema:

I _ Txrilis damuSaveba; II _ betonis sagebis mowyoba; III _ asawyobi rkinabetonis elementis montaJi; IV _ monoliTuri nawilis dabetoneba da tamponaJi; V _ mza kedeli; VI _ forSaxtis demontaJi da monoliTuri sartylis mowyoba; VII _ gruntis birTvis damuSaveba; VIII _ Zros dabetoneba; IX _ mudmivi ganmbjenebis mowyoba;

1 _ miwismTxreli manqanis muSa organo; 2 _ forSaxti; 3 _ Txrili;

4 _ betonis sagebi; 5 _ betonmimwodebeli mili; 6 _ drekadi Slangi;

7 _ onkani; 8 _ asawyobi elementi; 9 _ armaturis naSverebi; 10 _ xokeri Zros CakeTebisaTvis; 11 _ samontaJo koWi; 12 _ ineqciis mili;

13 _ monoliTuri nawili; 14 _ tamponirebuli sivrce; 15 _ monoliTuri sartyeli; 16 _ droebiTi ganmbjeni; 17 _ Zro; 18 _ gadaxurvis fila.

Date: 2016-06-13; view: 8