Geodeziuri dakvalvis safuZvlis Seqmna

samSeneblo moedanze sainJinro-geologiuri kvleva moicavs:

? gruntebis sainJinro da mzidunarianobis Tvisebebis Sefasebas;

? samSeneblo moednis teritoriaze gruntis wylebis donis gansazRvras;

? sayrdeni geodeziuri safuZvlis momzadebas;

? Senobebisa da nagebobebis adgilze dakvalvas.

gruntis sainJinro Sefaseba xorcieldeba obieqtis daproeqtebis win da niSnavs gruntis samSeneblo Tvisebebis gansazRvras: granulometriul Semadgenlobas, simkvrives, tenianobas, gafxvierebis Tvisebas da sxv. am mizniT specializebuli organizacia gaburRvis meSveobiT iRebs da swavlobs gruntis sinjebs sxvadasxva siRrmidan. miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze damproeqtebeli asrulebs miwis samuSaoTa warmoebisa da saZirkvlebis konstruqciebis daproeqtebas.

gruntis wylebis donis gansazRvra damproeqtebels saSualebas aZlevs SeimuSaos RonisZiebebi da SearCios gruntis wylis donis dawevis teqnologia, raTa uzrunvelyos mSeneblobisaTvis obieqtis normaluri eqspluatacia.

sayrdeni geodeziuri badis Seqmna. samSeneblo moednisa da asagebi nagebobis geodeziuri dakvalva aris miwisa da sxva momdevno samuSaoebis warmoebis geodeziuri uzrunvelyofis safuZveli.

geodeziuri dakvalva moicavs:

? sayrdeni geodeziuri badis Seqmnas, moednis dakvalvas kvadratebad da wveroebis damagrebas reperebiT, aseve teritoriis nivelirebas;

? Senoba-nagebobis dakvalvas adgilze, maT mibmas sayrden-geodeziur badesTan an mezoblad arsebul SenobebTan;

? Senoba-nagebobis konturis gareT niSnulebis gamotanas da RerZebis damagrebas.

sxva sityvebiT, mSeneblobisaTvis moednis momzadebis stadiaze unda Seiqmnas geodeziuri dakvalvis safuZveli, romelic emsaxureba geodeziur uzrunvelyofas mSeneblobis yvela stadiaze da misi damTavrebis Semdegac, ase elementarulad SesaZlebeli iqneba nebismieri niSnulis gansazRvra rogorc gegmaze, aseve vertikalSi. dakvalvisaTvis amosavali masalebia: samSeneblo gengegma, nagebobis muSa da dakvalvis naxazebi.

geodeziuri dakvalvis safuZvels mSeneblobis obieqtebis gegmaze gansazRvrisaTvis da Semdgomi moSandakebiTi samuSaoebis warmoebisaTvis simaRleebis niSnulebis miRebas asruleben:

? grZivi da ganivi RerZebis samSeneblo badis saxiT, romelic sazRvravs ZiriTadi asaSenebeli Senobebis adgilmdebareobas adgilze da maT gabaritebs;

? gaSenebis wiTeli xazebis, maT Soris grZivi da ganivi RerZebis saxiT, romlebic adgilze amagreben qalaqis aTvisebul teritoriaze mSeneblobisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli calkeuli Senobis adgilmdebareobas da mis gabaritebs.

samSeneblo badisa da misi adgilmdebareobis daproeqtebisaTvis uzrunvelyofili unda iyos:

? dakvalvis RerZebis Sesrulebis maqsimaluri moxerxebuloba;

? ZiriTadi asaSenebeli Senobebisa da nagebobebis ganlageba badis figurebis SigniT;

? badis xazebis ganlageba asagebi Senobis ZiriTadi RerZebis paralelurad da SeZlebisdagvarad maTTan axlos;

? badis yvela gverdze saWiro xazobrivi gazomvebi;

? badis niSnebis (reperebis) adgilmdebareoba gazomvebis moxerxebul adgilebSi, agreTve adgilebSi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen maT daculobasa da mdgradobas.

miwis nagebobebis geodeziuri dakvalva xorcieldeba samSeneblo moednis geologiuri gegmis mixedviT. gegmaze asaxulia mibma saxelmwifo trangulaciur badesTan an arsebul SenobebTan da nagebobebTan. geodeziuri gegmis Sesabamisad adgenen adgilze nagebobis adgilmdebareobas, mis mibmas horizontalur da simaRlis niSnulebTan.

mSeneblobis mzadebis procesSi da momavali miwis nagebobebis naxazidan samSeneblo moedanze gadatanisaTvis samSeneblo moednis teritorias yofen kvadratebad da marTkuTxedebad _ ZiriTad da damatebiT elementebad. ZiriTadi figurebis gverdebis sigrZe miiReba 100_200 m. miRebuli figurebis wveroebs amagreben reperebiT. kvadratebis wveroebze niveliris gamoyenebiT ayeneben paloebs. maTi simaRle miwis zedapiridan unda Seesabamebodes reperebis saproeqto niSnulebs, raTa moSandakebis samuSaoebis warmoebisas gamovlindes yrilisa da naTxaris ubnebi.

Senoba-nagebobebis dakvalva adgilze. Senobis saZirkvlebisaTvis mTxreblis dakvalva xorcieldeba muSa naxazebis mixedviT, sadac koordinatTa RerZebad miRebulia Senobis RerZebis urTierTperpendikularuli gadakveTa.

Senobis vertikalur mibmas axorcieleben saxelmwifo qselis reperTan, romlis niSnuli samSeneblo moedanze niveliris saSualebiT gadaaqvT da mas amagreben axlo mdebare Senobaze an miwaSi Casmul liTonis milze.

samSeneblo moedanze miwis samuSaoTa warmoeba dasaSvebia mxolod geodeziuri samuSaoebis dasrulebis, miwis nagebobebis dakvalvisa da Sesabamisi dakvalvis niSnulebis dayenebis Semdeg. dakvalvas asruleben geodeziuri xelsawyoebis _ Teodolitis da niveliris saSualebiT.

miwis nagebobebis dakvalvas adgilze an maTi zomebis gadatanas naxazidan samSeneblo moedanze (e.w. RerZebis gadatana "naturaSi") axorcielebs saxelmwifo geodeziuri samsaxuri, xolo miwis nagebobebis elementebis geodeziuri dakvalvis momdevno samuSaoebs _ moijare organizaciis geodeziuri samsaxuri. mTxrelebis da Txrilebis dakvalva saZirkvlebisaTvis sruldeba Senobebisa da nagebobebis dakvalvasTan erTad, Senobis ZiriTadi RerZebis gadakveTas aRniSnaven paloebiT.

proeqtis "naturaSi" gadatanisas asruleben ZiriTad da detalur geodeziur samuSaoebs. ZiriTadSi Sedis Senobis mTavari da ZiriTadi RerZebis gansazRvra da adgilze damagreba. detaluri samuSaoebi uzrunvelyofen Senobisa da nagebobis konfiguraciis, zomebisa da simaRleebis niSnulebis damagrebas.

mTavari RerZebi_ urTierTperpendikularuli xazebia, romelTa mimarTac Senoba an nageboba aris simetriuli.

ZiriTad RerZebs sazRvraven moxazulobiT rTuli da didi zomis obieqtebisaTvis. ZiriTadi RerZebi ki sazRvraven Senobis an nagebobis konturs gegmaze. mTxreblis dakvalvas axorcieleben SveulaTi, daWimuli mavTulebiT, paloebiT, misi sazRvrebis aRniSvniT. Senobebisa da nagebobebis dakvalvas amowmeben da ibareben Sesabamisi aqtis gaformebiT. mSeneblobis procesSi periodulad akontroleben Semovlebis mdebareobas da adgilze dakvalvis niSnebs.

Semovlebis mowyoba, RerZebis damagreba. mTxreblis da Txrilebis dakvalvas Senobebisa da nagebobebis saZirkvlebisaTvis asruleben dakvalvis muSa naxazebis safuZvelze, sadac yvela zoma mocemulia koordinatebis dasawyisidan (SeiZleba miRebul iqnes Senobis ganapira urTierTperpendikularuli RerZebis gadakveTis wertili). dakvalvis naxazze daaqvT mTxreblis (Txrilis) fskeris niSnulebi. dakvalvis naxazis yvela monacemebi gadaaqvT Semovlebaze (nax. 4.1).

a) b)

g)

nax. 4.1. mTxreblis da Txrilebis dakvalvis sqemebi:

a _ mTxreblis; b _ Txrilis; g _ Rrma mTxreblis Ziris niSnulis gansazRvra.

Senobis RerZebis detaluri dakvalvis, mTxreblis konturis aRniSvnisa da damagrebisaTvis adgilze gamoiyeneba samSeneblo Semovleba (nax. 4.2). is Senobis mTel perimetrze SeiZleba moewyos, rogorc mTliani an wyvetili konstruqcia. wyvetili Semovleba ufro moxerxebulia, vinaidan xels ar uSlis obieqtze samSeneblo manqanebisa da transportis moZraobas.

a) b)

nax. 4.2. Semovlebis mowyoba da RerZebis damagreba:

a _ mTxreblis dakvalvis sqema; b _ Semovlebis elementebi;

1 _ Semovleba xis elementebiT; 2 _ manWvali, adgilze RerZebis damagrebis sakontrolo niSani; 3 _ ficari; 5 _ Semovlebis dgari.

Semovlebas awyoben ZiriTadi RerZebis paralelurad, geodeziuri instrumentebis gamoyenebiT. iqmneba Senobis konturi manZilze, romelic uzrunvelyofs mSeneblobis procesSi konturis mdgradobas, ucvlel mdebareobas. Semovleba warmoadgens karkass xis an liTonis dgarebisagan, romlebic erWoba gruntSi erTmaneTisgan yovel sam metrSi. dgarebze aWedeben 40_50 mm sisqis ficrebs. TiToeuli ficari unda eyrdnobodes aranakleb sam dgars. niveliris saSualebiT amowmeben ficrebis horizontalurobas. Semovlebis optimaluri simaRlea 0.5_1.2 m. dgarebis manZili mTxreblis napiridan _ aranakleb 3_4 m.

yvela monacemi dakvalvis naxazebidan gadaaqvT Semovlebaze, kerZod, gamoaqvTY Senobis ZiriTadi RerZebi da maT amagreben ficrebze lursmnebiT. grZiv da ganiv RerZebs asruleben lursmnebze damagrebuli, daWimuli mavTulebiT an zonriT.

grZivi da ganivi mimarTulebis RerZebis mavTulebis gadakveTiT ganisazRvreba Senobis ZiriTadi RerZebis gadakveTis wertilebi. miRebuli RerZebi da wertilebis mdebareoba unda Seesabamebodes geodeziuri instrumentebiT gansazRvrul da miwis zedapirze damagrebul maCveneblebs.

Semovlebaze ramdenime adgilas, romelzec damagrebulia Senobis ZiriTadi RerZebi, ayeneben manWvalebs _ RerZuli xazebis damagrebis sakontrolo niSnebs _ erTmaneTisagan 5_10 m manZilze gruntSi CarWobil, miwis zedapiridan 3_6 sm simaRleze amoSveril armaturis Reroebs.

grZiv-xazobrivi nagebobebisaTvis ayeneben mxolod ganiv Semovlebas, romelic ganlagebulia swor ubnebze yovel 50 metrSi, momrgvalebul ubnebSi ki _ yovel 20 m-Si.

Semovlebas inarCuneben miwisqveSa nawilis agebis damTavrebamde, Semdeg ki, dakvalvis RerZebi gadaaqvT uSualod mSenebare Senobaze. Tanamedrove pirobebSi, rodesac SesaZlebelia lazeruli geodeziuri xelsawyoebis gamoyeneba, Semovleba SeiZleba ar moewyos, RerZebi ki dafiqsirdes samSeneblo moednis droebiT Senobebsa da nagebobebze (inventaruli Senobebi, Robe da sxv).

Date: 2016-06-13; view: 8