Sawyobebis daproeqteba

samSeneblo moedanze, warmoebis pirobebidan gamomdinare, awyoben centralur da saobieqto sawyobs.

centraluri sawyobi saWiroa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac masalebis, nakeTobebisa da konstruqciebis damamzadebeli qarxnidan samSeneblo moednamde sagrZnoblad didi manZilia. amasTan, sawyobSi unda Seiqmnas masalebisa da konstruqciebis saTanado maragi, raTa samSeneblo samuSaoebi Seuferxeblad mimdinareobdes. centraluri sawyobi saWiroa im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac erTdroulad ramdenime obieqti Sendeba da masalebsa da konstruqciebs Semozidvis Semdeg sWirdeba gadaxarisxeba da winaswari damuSaveba.

centralur sawyobebze gadmotvirTul masalebsa da konstruqciebs axarisxeben markebisa da obieqtebis mixedviT, atareben maT aRricxvas, amowmeben xarisxs, adgenen reklamaciebs.

centraluri da saobieqto sawyobebi unda iyos mowyobili Sesabamisi qanobiT moSandakebul da datkepnil moedanze.

gzebi samSeneblo moedanzeunda aSendes rogorc mudmivi, Tumca droebiTi safariT. droebiTi gzebis mowyoba iseT SemTxvevaSia dasaSvebi, roca es ekonomiurad dasabuTebuli da teqnikurad aucilebelia. droebiT gzebze moZraobis zolis sigane unda iyos aranakleb 3.5 m. orzoliani moZraobisas _ 6.0 m. Tu savali gza daproeqtebulia rogorc erTzoliani, maSin avtomanqanebis gantvirTvis adgilebSi gzis sigane unda gaizardos 6 m-mde (nax. 3.2).

nax. 3.2. Sigasamoedno saavtomobilo gzebi:

1. wriuli gza; 2. Cixuri gza; 3. asaqcevi; 4. mosabrunebeli adgili;

5. wriuli gzis gafarToebuli mobrunebis radiusi.

samSeneblo moedanze 25_30 t tvirTamweobis mZime manqanebis moZraobisas savali gzis sigane unda gaizardos 8 m-mde. moxvevis adgilebSi gzebis radiusi damokidebulia calkeuli manqanebis an avtomatareblebis manevrirebis unarze. saerTod, aseTi gzebisTvis moxvevis minimaluri radiusia 15 m.

moednebze gzebi unda ganlagdes ise, rom maTi saSualebiT SesaZlebeli gaxdes avtotransportis gamWoli da wriuli moZraoba.

saavtomobilo gzebis konstruqcia Sedgeba miwis sagzao safarisagan, gzis safari ewyoba ramdenime fenisagan _ qvesadebi qviSis fena, mzidi fuZe (RorRi, betoni, rkinabetoni) da zeda fena. zedapiruli wylebis arinebisaTvis gzis safars unda hqondes orSuroiani qanobi.

droebiTi gzebis safari rekomendebulia moewyos rkinabetonis dasaSlel-asawyobi filebisagan. rkinabetonis filebad gamoiyeneba marTkuTxa formis da solismagvari konstruqciebi (nax. 3.3).

nax. 3.3. droebiTi gzebi rkinabetonis filebisagan:

a - erTzoliani marTkuTxa filebisagan; b - orzoliani marTkuTxa filebisagan; g - gzis gafarToeba araqcevis adgilebSi; d - mTliani solismagvari formis filebisagan;

1 - erTzoliani ubani; 2 - orzoliani ubani.

aseTi filebi martivad mzaddeba, advilad montaJdeba samSeneblo moedanze da maTi gamoyeneba wlis nebismier periodSia SesaZlebeli.

samSeneblo tvirTebis datvirTva da gantvirTva.samSeneblo tvirTebis transportireba dakavSirebulia or ZiriTad procesTan: masalebisa da konstruqciebis datvirTva da maTi gantvirTva samSeneblo moedanze. es procesebi aris mTlianad meqanizebuli da datvirTva-gantvirTvis samuSaoebisaTvis saerTosamSeneblo da specialuri manqanebi da meqanizmebi gamoiyeneba. aseT meqanizmebs SeuZliaT damoukideblad muSaoba da aris satransporto saSualebebis konstruqciuli gadawyvetis nawili.

manqanebis pirvel jgufSi Sedis specialuri damtvirTav-ganmtvirTavi da Cveulebrivi samontaJo amweebi, ciklur da uwyvet moqmedebaTa mtvirTavebi, moZravi lenturi konveierebi, meqanikuri niCbebi, pnevmaturi ganmtvirTavebi da sxv.

manqanebis meore jgufs miekuTvneba TviTsacleli avtomobilebi, satransporto saSualebebi tviTganmtvirTavi platformebiT an avtonomiuri gantvirTvis saSualebebiT da sxv.

mSeneblobaSi wvrilcalobrivi masalebisa da nakeTobebis gadasazidad gamoiyeneba paketebi da konteinerebi.

paketi aris specialur qveSebze dalagebuli tvirTis partia. igi ise unda iyos formirebuli, rom gadaadgilebis mTel etapze ar kargavdes Tavis formas (nax. 3.4).

nax. 3.4. samSeneblo tvirTebis dapaketeba:

a _ rulonuri masalebis; b _ cilindruli tvirTebis; 1 _ qveSi.

konteineri inventaruli, mravalbrunvadi mowyobiloba an tevadobaa. universaluri konteineri gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva kategoriis tvirTis gadasazidad. is daxurulia da aRWurvilia datvirTva-gantvirTvisaTvis saWiro mowyobilobebiT, gamoiyeneba rulonuri masalebis, mosapirkeTebeli filebis, linoleumis, parketis, eleqtrosamontaJo armaturisa da sxvaTa transpor-tirebisaTvis (nax. 3.5).

nax. 3.5. konteinerebi samSeneblo tvirTis transportirebisaTvis:

a _ universaluri; b _ specialuri rulonuri masalebis gadasazidad;

g _ mosapirkeTebeli filebisaTvis; d _ linoleumisaTvis; e _ bitumis mastikisaTvis; v _ nagavgamtaris elementebisaTvis.

masalebis sawyobSi moTavseba. samSeneblo moedanze Semoziduli masalebi sawarmoo maragis Sesaqmnelad droebiT inaxeba saobieqto sawyobSi.. mSeneblobaze ansxvaveben sawarmoo maragis or ZiriTad saxes _ mimdinare da dazRvevis. mimdinare maragi Seadgens materialur resurss or momijnave miwodebebs Soris. idealur SemTxvevaSi mimdinare maragi uzrunvelyofs samuSaoTa uwyvet warmoebas, magram drois sxvadasxva mizeziT dakargvisaTvis, rodesac samuSaoebi SeferxebiT mimdinareobs, mSeneblebi qmnian sadazRvevo marags. sadazRvevo maragi sawyobSi miiReba Cveulebriv xuTi samuSao dRiT. sadazRvevo maragis gaTvaliswinebiT generaluri moijare valdebulia Seqmnas saobieqto sawyobis optimaluri moculoba, rac SeiZleba iyos daxuruli, naxevrad daxuruli da Ria.

daxuruli sawyobi gamoiyeneba ZviradRirebuli an haerze fuWebadi masalebis Sesanaxad, rogorebicaa: cementi, kiri, TabaSiri, faneri, lursmani da sxv. aseTi sawyobebi SeiZleba iyos miwisqveSa da miwiszeda, erTsarTuliani da mravalsarTuliani, gaTbobiT da civi.

fardulebi naxevrad daxuruli sawyobebia, romlebic gamoiyeneba iseTi masalebis Sesanaxad, romlebzec uaryofiTad moqmedebs mzis sxivebi da atmosferuli naleqebi. magaliTad: xis masalis nakeTobebi, burulis masalebi, mosapirkeTebeli masalebi da sxv.

Ria sawyobebi gaTvaliswinebulia iseTi masalebis Sesanaxad, romlebsac ar sWirdeba atmosferuli zemoqmedebisagan dacva. magaliTad: aguri, betonis an rkinabetonis elementebi, keramikuli milebi, mosapirkeTebeli bunebrivi qvis masalebi da sxv. aseTi sawyobebi, rogorc wesi, ganlagebulia samontaJo amwis zemoqmedebis zonaSi.

sawyobebi ewyoba swor, moSandakebul moednebze, umniSvnelo qanobiT (2_5%), saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moednebi unda moswordes datkepnili RorRiT an qviSiT.

sawyobSi konstruqciebisa da nakeTobebis miRebisas warmoebs maTi ZiriTadi zomebis, niSandebis Semowmeba, daxarisxeba. sawyobSi Semoziduli yvela elementi aRiniSneba samontaJo sqemaze da samontaJo elementebis uwyisSi. gansakuTrebul JurnalSi Seitaneba monacemebi miwodebis saSualebebze, qarxnidan gamogzavnisa da sawyobSi miRebis dro, konstruqciis niSandeba, wona da sxv. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva konstruqciebis miwodebis kompleqturobas, ris gareSec irRveva maTi damontaJebis teqnologiuri Tanmimdevroba da arcTu iSviaTad wydeba samontaJo samuSaoTa warmoeba.

sawyobSi sxvadasxva saxis konstruqciebisa da anakrebi nakeTobebisaTvis gamoyofen dawyobis zonebs, romelTa Soris toveben 1 m-mde siganis gamWol gasasvlelebs.

anakreb rkinabetons alageben inventarul qvesadebsa da Suasadebze, romlebic mizanSewonilia moewyos 6_8 sm-is sisqis xis masalebisagan (nax. 3.6).

anakrebi rkinabetonis konstruqciebis dawyobis wesebi mocemulia cxrilSi 3.1.

nax. 3.6. anakrebi rkinabetonis konstruqciebis dawyobis sqemebi:

a _ svetebi; b _ rigelebi; g _ gadaxurvis filebi; d _ kibis marSebi.

Date: 2016-06-13; view: 5