Will usually heal when firm bandaging is applied.

Vascular Systems

1- Acute arterial occlusion:

Should be treated conservatively if the site of the occlusion is above the inguinal ligament.

Demands the urgent use of vasodilator drugs.

Of a limb is usually painless due to the anoxic damage produced in the peripheral nerves.

May produce irreversible muscle necrosis after 6 hours.

B&C only.

2- In chronic arterial occlusion of the lower limbs:

Buttock claudication is suggestive of arterial occlusion above the inguinal ligament.

Skin ulceration most commonly occurs along the medial border of the foot.

Which is severe, there may be venous? guttering on elevation of the legs.

There is usually an associated peripheral neuropathy.

Usually the peripheral pulses are present.

3- Abdominal aortic aneurysms:

Arise from an atheromatous vessel in approximately 50 per cent of cases.

Characteristically produce epigastric pain.

Are associated with duodenal ulceration.

Which are asymptomatic are relatively benign conditions and should not usually be resected.

Which are less than 7cm in diameter should be treated surgically.

4- Raynaud?s disease:

Is caused by an abnormal sensitivity of skin vessels to cold.

Is marked by a characteristic pallor of the hands after cold stimulation followed by blue and then re colour changes.

May be associated with scleroderma.

Is permanently relieved by sympathectomy in the vast majority of cases.

A & B only.

5- Common sites for atheromatous arterial aneurysms are:

The femoral artery.

The middle cerebral artery.

The abdominal aorta.

Intrarenal.

A&C only

6- A dissecting aneurysm of the aorta:
( all correct except one)

Usually starts around the aortic arch.

Is so-called because of the extensive mediastinal destruction it produces when it ruptures.

Is associated with pregnancy.

Is a feature of marfan?s syndrome.

Might reach its biforcation.

7-The long saphenous vein:

Arises on the medial aspect of the sole of the foot.

Passes 1cm in front of the medial malleolus.

Passes in front the knee joint.

Enters the femoral sheath by piercing the fascia lata.

Related to the sural nerve

8- In deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb:

One of the most common sites of origin is the short saphenous vein.

One of the common sites of origin is in the iliofemoral segment.

The diagnosis can usually be made by clinical examination.

Tender swollen thrombosed veins are usually palpable.

Usually associated with varicose vein.

9- The incidence of postoperative venous thrombosis can be reduced:
(all correct except one)

By raisin the foot of the operating table during surgery.

By passive calf contractions during an operation.

By administration of low molecular weight heparin during operation and on the first two postoperative days.

By the prophylactic use of subcutaneous heparin.

By early ambutation.

10-Venous ulcers of the lower limb:

Are usually the result of longstanding varicose veins.

Commonly follow deep venous thrombosis.

Most commonly occur below the medial malleolus.

Will usually heal when firm bandaging is applied.

B&D only.

Date: 2016-06-13; view: 6