- The aim of the paper is to provide an up-to-date account of/for…
- This study attempts to quantify ….
- Within the framework of….., various attributes are identified, weighted and quantified for..
- The present paper deals with the reason why …..
- The primary objective of the study is/was
- The present study was conducted to ascertain the response/influence of……
- Different types of ….. have been (were) examined and a relationship between …… was established
- This paper describes the basic features of a…..system, considers some important aspects in detail, outlines the advantages and limitations of the system and indicates how it can be used.
- It may be suggested that…
- It must be admitted that…
- It might be natural to assume that…
- It may be assumed to be a working hypothesis…
- One may put forward a working hypothesis to explain….
Topicality/Motivation
- The problem raised by… assumed a place of prime importance….
- It assumed world-wide importance….
- The significance of this work can hardly be overestimated…..
- It has been a favourite subject for dispute among scholars…
- It is important to realize…
- The problem of … is one of the most important…
- The problem of … has not lost its topical significance…
- The problem has become more acute: it took a new form….
- It is the major theme of macroeconomics…
- A comprehensive study of … is the key to solving the problem…..
- At present there is a growing interest in …
- The current interest in the problem lies in …
Research methods
- These factors require to be analyzed in two different ways
- According to the ……theory the …..process can be calculated by different methods…..
- In order to check the accuracy of the results obtained from ….. they were compared with . ..
- The method of investigation is …..
- The method is based on the idea that ….
- An analogical approach will help to distinguish a few common features…
- The most promising approach is a complete/comparative/detailed/typological analysis of…
- The analysis can be expanded to …..
Results and findings
- To carry out a comparative assessment of….., it is necessary to state some basic parameters
- It may be further assumed that …….
- The data indicate clearly that………
- Based on the data for ….., it is found that…..
- A comparison of /between….. and….. reveals that…..
- Two lines of development can be traced…..
- It has been traced back to…..
- It is possible to trace the influence of … on…
- This explains much of what followed…..
- It explains the way of the development……
Conclusion
- On the basis of the comparison the conclusion is drawn …….
- From the study it can be inferred that……
- The results show that…….
- The results are in agreement with the hypothesis that …….
- The data presented support the concept that………
- The future of ….. is, therefore assured, assuming that………
- The analysis made provides the basis for…
- Thus the results obtained support the conclusion that
- The results of the research/analysis/study/comparison/experiments agree with……
- On the basis of the above study and considering …., it can be stated that ……..