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Sustainable tourism indicators
| Environmental | Number of accommodation units and facilities |
| Amount of land occupied by tourism-related superstructure and infrastracture | |
| Destruction or alteration of natural habitat by tourism construction | |
| Amount of erosion, and number of floods and landslides associated with tourism | |
| Effect of tourism on biodiversity | |
| Effect of tourism on species distributions and populations | |
| Effect of tourism on introduction of exotic species | |
| Density of tourism facilities and tourist activities | |
| Concentration of tourism facilities and tourist activities | |
| Number of stayovers and excursionists | |
| Number of ‘visitor- nights ’ | |
| Seasonality (e.g. Gini coefficient) | |
| Water, air, noise and solid waste emissions associated with tourism (e.g. expressed per accommodation unit and visitor- night) | |
| Hazardous waste production associated with tourism | |
| Amount of litter associated with tourist activities | |
| Wildlife or habitat deterioration associated with tourist activities | |
| Resource consumption associated with tourism (e.g. water, fossil fuels, metals, agglomerate, forest products, food) | |
| Levels of traffic congestion associated with tourism | |
| Environmental carrying capacity | |
| Position of destination in Butler resort sequence | |
| Economic | Revenues earned directly from tourism |
| Income multiplier effect from tourism (i.e. indirect revenues) | |
| Proportion of destination revenue directly and indirectly obtained from tourism (eg tourism as % of GDP, GPP or GNP) | |
| Proportion of destination employment associated with tourism | |
| Average tourism wage as % of overall average wage | |
| Distribution of jobs by wage level, and measurement of equity | |
| % of tourism jobs occupied by non-local or foreign personnel | |
| Extent of backward linkages with agriculture and other destination sectors | |
| Import content in tourism consumption | |
| % of all imports related to tourism | |
| % of accommodations and attractions that are extern ally/foreign owned or controlled | |
| Profitability of individual operations | |
| Amount and % of profits and wages that are repatriated or leave local are area | |
| Mar keting/promotion costs | |
| Tourism investment by residents and non-residents | |
| Overall economic impact | |
| Social | Resident reactions toward tourism and tourists (e.g. Irridex) |
| No. of resident complaints against tourism | |
| Amount of crime directed against tourists and tourism industry by residents and non-residents | |
| Amount of tourism-related prostitution | |
| Local patronage of tourist attractions and facilities | |
| In-migration associated with tourism industry | |
| Ratio of residents to tourists | |
| Amount of tourist-instigated crime | |
| Psychographic profile e.g. allocentrics, midcentrics and psychocentrics | |
| Tourist satisfaction with destination | |
| Destination image held by visitors and potential visitors | |
| Tourist Attractiveness Index (Smith 1989) | |
| % of tourists who are repeat visitors | |
| Average length of stay | |
| Social carrying capacity | |
| Cultural | Conformity of tourism architecture to local vernacular |
| Number and condition of heritage structures and sites | |
| Integrity of local culture | |
| % of visitors who are international | |
| Market dominance (e.g. concentration ratio) | |
| Extent of cultural commoditization | |
| Management | Recycling and fuel efficiency performance of tourism accommodations, attractions and transportation |
| Existence of a tourism-related master plan | |
| Existence and actions of tourism-related interest groups | |
| Number of codes of ethics and good practice in place | |
| Extent of industry and tourist adherence to codes | |
| Participation of tourism industry in community improvement projects and programs | |
| Existence of tourism education and awareness programs | |
| Existence of resident education and awareness programs | |
| Habitat enhancement and/or protection associated with presence of tourists | |
| Amount of tourism-related laws and regulations | |
| Presence of EIA procedure for tourism-related businesses | |
| No. of cultural heritage sites that are protected due to tourism |
Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1516
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| The challenges of tourism destinations sustainable development | | | VI. Complete the sentences in a suitable way. (More than one answer may be possible.) |