Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive. (This exercise also includes the past simple--see Unit 41 C.)

1. There's somebody behind us. (I think/we/follow) _I think we're being followed._

2. This room looks different. (you/paint?) _Have you painted it?_

3. My car has disappeared. (it/steal!) It ---

4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody/take) Somebody ---

5. Tom gets a higher salary now. (he/promote) ---

6. Ann can't use her office at the moment. (it/redecorate) ---

7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it's OK. (it/work/again; it/repair)

8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people/arrest/last night)

9. A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow down/in the storm)

10. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody/see/since then)

11. I was mugged on my way home a few nights ago. (you/ever/mug?)

UNIT 43. Passive (3)

A. I was born ...

We say: I was born ... (not 'I am born'):

past simple

* I was born in Chicago.

* Where were you born? (not 'where are you born')

but present simple

* How many babies are born everyday?

B. Some verbs can have two objects. For example, give:

* We gave _the police_(object 1) _the information._(object 2) (= We gave the information to the police.)

So it is possible to make two passive sentences:

* The police were given the information. or The information was given to the police.

Other verbs which can have two objects are: ask offer pay show teach tell

When we use these verbs in the passive, most often we begin with the person:

* I was offered the job but I refused it. (= they offered me the job)

* You will be given plenty of time to decide. (= we will give you plenty of time)

* Have you been shown the new machine? (= has anybody shown you ...?)

* The men were paid L200 to do the work. (= somebody paid the men L200)

C. I don't like being ...

The passive of doing/seeing etc. is being done/being seen etc. Compare:

active: I don't like people telling me what to do.

passive: I don5t like being told what to do.

* I remember being given a toy drum on my fifth birthday. (= I remember somebody giving me a toy drum...)

* Mr. Miller hates being kept waiting. (= he hates people keeping him waiting)

* We managed to climb over the wall without being seen. (= ... without anybody seeing us)

D. Get

Sometimes you can use get instead of be in the passive:

* There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt)

* I don't often get invited to parties. (= I'm not often invited)

* I'm surprised Ann didn't get offered the lob. (... Ann wasn't offered the job)

You can use get to say that something happens to somebody or something, especially if this is unplanned or unexpected:

* Our dog got run over by a car.

You can use get only when things happen or change. For example, you cannot use get in these sentences:

* Jill is liked by everybody. (not 'gets liked' - this is not a 'happening')

* He was a mystery man. Nothing was known about him. (not 'got known')

We use get mainly in informal spoken English. You can use be in all situations.

We also use get in the following expressions (which are not passive in meaning):

get married get divorced get dressed (= put on your clothes) get changed (= change your clothes)

EXERCISES

43.1 When were they born? Choose five of these people and write a sentence for each. (Two of them were born in the same year.)

Beethoven Galileo Elvis Presley 1452 1869 1929

Agatha Christie Mahatma Gandhi Leonardo da Vinci 1564 1891 1935

Walt Disney Martin Luther King William Shakespeare 1770 1901

1. _Walt Disney was born in 1901._

2. ---

3. ---

4. ---

5. ---

6. ---

7. And you? I ---

Date: 2016-03-03; view: 3710