PREFIXES IN THE ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

In this lesson you will:

· Become familiar with the role of prefixion in the formation of anatomical and histological terms

· Learn the principal Latin and Greek prefixes used in the anatomical terminology

This lesson is divided into the following sections:

V. Role of prefixion in the formation of anatomical and histological terms

VI. Latin and Greek prefixes used in the anatomical terminology

VII. Exercises.

VIII. Vocabulary

I. ROLE OF PREFIXION IN THE FORMATION OF ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TERMS

It is known that the body or organs of the body may be sectioned according to planes of reference. These include a midsagittal plane that runs vertically through a structure, dividing it into right and left halves; a sagittal plane that runs vertically through a structure, dividing it into right and left portions; a coronal (frontal) plane that runs vertically through a structure, dividing it into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions; and a transverse (cross-sectional) plane that runs horizontally through a structure, dividing it into upper and lower portions.

In the anatomical terminology a great variety of terms with the spatial location meaning is used. The fundamental importance in this aspect have Latin and Greek prefixes as follows:

II. LATIN AND GREEK PREFIXES USED IN THE ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

Prefixes	Meaning of the prefixes	Examples
before/behind
Ante-	before, preceding	antebrachĭum (forarm)
Pre-	before, ahead of	presacrālis (presacral)
Post-	after, behind	postaortālis (postaortal)
Retro-	back, behind	retrocavālis (retrocaval)
above/under
Supra-	above	supraauriculāris(supra-auricular)
Infra-	under; below	infraspinālis(infraspinal)
Epi-	on; upon; over	epigastrĭumepigastrium)
Sub-	under; below	subarachnoidālis(subarachnoid)
Hypo-	below; incomplete; deficient	hypochondrĭum(hypochondrium)
inside/outside
Intra-	within	intramusculāris(intramuscular)
Endo-	within	endocervicālis(endocervical)
Extra-	outside of; beyond	extracapsulāris(etracapsular)
between
Inter-	between	intervertebrālis(intervertebral)
Meso-	middle	mesogastrĭum(mesogastrium)
to/from
Ad-	to; toward	adductor(adductor)
Ab-	from; away from	abductor(abductor)
beside, around
Para-	beside; beyond; around	paraduodenālis(paraduodenal)
Peri-	surrounding (outer)	pericardĭum(pericardium)
together, joined
Syn-	together; joined	synarthrōsis(synarthrosis)
Com-(con-)	together	commissūra(commissure)

III. Exercises

1. Make up new words using prefixes and translate into English:

a) extra- cellulāris, e cellular

capsulāris, e capsular

b) intra- craniālis, e cranial

glandulāris, e glandular

c) infra- orbitālis, e orbital

patellāris, e patellar

d) supra- claviculāris, e clavicular

scapulāris, e scapular

renālis, e renal

e) para- sternālis, e sternal

vertebrālis, e vertebral

f) inter- costālis, e costal

osseus, a, um bony

alveolāris, e alveolar

g) pre- (prae) centrālis, e central

axillāris, e axillar

h) retro- mandibulāris, e mandibular

i) sub- cutaneus, a, um cutaneous

linguālis, e lingular

2. Translate into English:

facies interlobāris, muscŭlus infraspinātus, fossa infraclaviculāris, pars intracraniālis, margo interosseus, arteria suprascapulāris, muscŭli suboccipitāles, septum intermusculāre cruris anterius, muscŭlus infraspinātus, margo interosseus, ductus sublinguāles minōres, arteria suprarenālis media, membrāna intercostālis interna.

3. Translate into Latin:

interlobar artery, preoccipital notch, suprapleural membrane, submandibular gland, interclavicular ligament, intermandibular suture, intraglandular lymphatic node, supraorbital vein, common interosseal artery, external intercostal muscles, interosseal nerves of leg, fascia of forearm.

IV. VOCABULARY

1. antebrachĭum, i n	forearm
2. collaterālis, e	collateral
3. epigastrĭum, i n	epigastrium
4. hypogastrĭum, i n	hypogastrium
5. infraclaviculāris, e	infraclavicular
6. infraorbitālis, e	infraorbital
7. infraspinātus, a, um	infraspinatus
8. intercostālis, e	intercostal
9. interlobāris, e	interlobar
10. intermusculāris, e	intermuscular
11. interossěus, a, um	interosseal
12. interspinālis, e	interspinal
13. intracraniālis, e	intracranial
14. retromandibulāris, e	retromandibular
15. subclavĭus, a, um	subclavicular
16. subcutaněus, a, um	subcutaneous
17. sublinguālis, e	sublingual
18. submandibulāris, e	submandibular
19. suboccipitālis, e	suboccipital
20. supraclaviculāris, e	supraclavicular
21. suprarenālis, e	suprarenal
22. suprascapulāris, e	suprascapularis

Lesson 12

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Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1214

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