Home Random Page


CATEGORIES:

BiologyChemistryConstructionCultureEcologyEconomyElectronicsFinanceGeographyHistoryInformaticsLawMathematicsMechanicsMedicineOtherPedagogyPhilosophyPhysicsPolicyPsychologySociologySportTourism






Ex. 2. Read the information and answer the questions below.

Do you know how many new books were published May 10, 2013, the day this unit is being updated? 6,532. And how many new books have been published in 2013 by May 10? 859,249.

Look at the data on books published displayed on the Worldometers’ counter which is based on statistics published by UNESCO.This is the list of the top ten countries with the number of new titles per year as of the latest year available:

the United States (2010) 328,259 (new titles and editions)
the United Kingdom (2005) 206,000
China (2010) 189,295 (328,387 total)
the Russian Federation (2008) 123,336
Germany (2009) 93,124
Spain (2008) 86,300
India (2004) 82,537 (21,370 in Hindi and 18,752 in English)
Japan (2009) 78,555
Iran (2010) 65,000
France (2010) 63,690 (67,278 total) [8]

1. How can a reader sail this ocean of books?

2. How can a researcher stay on top of new research in his field?

3. What resources can help a person to browse a large amount of publications? Think about book reviews, reader’s digests, Google Scholar Alert option[9] and others.

VOCABULARY

COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDS

Ex. 1. Infer or imply? Read the information[10] in the box and underline the correct word in the sentences below.

Infermeans "to deduce, reason," and implymeans "to hint at, suggest." A speaker or writer implies, a hearer or reader infers; implications are incorporated in statements, while inferences are deduced from statements. Implymeans "suggest indirectly that something is true," while infer means "conclude or deduce something is true". Remember that imply and infer can be used to describe the same event but from different points of view. Compare: 1. He implied that the General had been a traitor. [presented from the writer’s/speaker’s perspective who doesn’t actually claim that the General had betrayed his country]. 2. I inferred from his words that the General had been a traitor. [presented from the listener’s perspective who deduced from the General’s words that he was in fact a traitor] To infer is used in the construction 'to infer something from something': To imply is normally followed by a clause.
  1. I inferred/ implied from what my advisor said that I had failed the test.
  2. Are you implying/ inferring that I was responsible for handing out the conference invitations?
  3. The reader can easily infer/imply from the first ten pages that the protagonist will have been killed by the end of the novel.
  4. Am I right to infer/ imply you think my husband owns the gun that killed the policeman? Is that what you're implying/ inferring?
  5. The report implies/ infersthat the number of children with autism might double in five years.
  6. I did not mean to imply/inferthatthere is any reason to justify his behavior.
  7. From the speech of the President, the audience can infer/ implythatRussiawill improve its position globally in the nearest future.
  8. “Reading between the lines” is what we usually mean by inferring/ implying.

 

READING

Abstracts and Annotations[11]

What is an Abstract?

An abstract is a short statement about your research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or project designed to give the reader a complete, yet concise, understanding of your paper’s research and findings. It gives a thorough overview of your paper or project. In journal articles, research papers, and patents, an abstract is a short summary placed prior to the introduction, often set apart from the body of the text, sometimes with different line justification (as a block or pull quote) from the rest of the article.

Scientific literature takes widespread advantage of the abstract as the abbreviated style of choice in order to aptly communicate complex research. In science, an abstract may act as a stand-alone entity in lieu of the paper as well. As such, an abstract is used by many organizations as the basis for selecting research that is proposed for presentation in the form of a poster, podium/lecture, or workshop presentation at an academic conference. Most literature database search engines index abstracts only as opposed to providing the entire text of the paper. Full-texts of scientific papers must often be purchased because of copyright and/or publisher fees, and therefore the abstract is a significant selling point for the reprint or electronic version of the full-text.
Abstracts are not public domain or open-source unless stated by the publisher. Therefore, abstracts are afforded protections under copyright law in many states just as any other form of written speech is protected. However, publishers of scientific articles invariably make abstracts publicly available, even when the article itself is protected by a toll barrier.

What Should Be in an Abstract?

A well-prepared abstract allows a reader to quickly and accurately identify the basic content of your research or project. Readers should be able to read your abstract to see if the related research is of interest to them.

A model abstract should contain the following elements:

  • a statement of the purpose of your study
  • the research methods/methodology used to arrive at your results and/or conclusions
  • the results observed
  • the conclusions drawn from your study and their significance

Abstracts are not evaluative and must not include your personal opinions.

Date: 2016-01-05; view: 1102

<== previous page | next page ==>
Ex. 2. Fill in the correct preposition, then choose any item and make up a sentence. | How to Structure an Abstract
doclecture.net - lectures - 2014-2024 year. Copyright infringement or personal data (0.007 sec.)