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Economic consequences of inadequate income135. the haves noun = people who have enough money and possessions 136. the have-nots noun = people who do not have money and possessions: the division between the haves and the have-nots 137. impoverished people/families/areas/countries wf from poor – poverty – impoverished 138. destitute people / the destitute = without money, food, and the other things necessary for life 139. street children term 140. (to live) (out) on the streets / street idiom =without a home; outside, not in a house or other building 141. Absolute poverty [ an absolute minimum standard] /Relative poverty [ means you are poor in relation to those who around you] / Income poverty [ less than a dollar a day] / Human poverty [ takes into account other factors, such as life expectancy, infant malnutrition, illiteracy and lack of food or clean water] /Inner-city poverty COL/ TERM 142. to claim benefits = financial support from the state: Families who claim benefits often feel ashamed. Social consequences of inadequate income 143. the widening/wide/deep gulf between sb and sb col/prep 144. to bridge the gap/gulf/divide between sb and sb idiom 145. a dividing line between smth and smth col/prep 146. class disparities between the rich and the poor COL/PREP 147. to be strikingly evident col 148. criminal activity COL 149. educational failure COL/WFto fail → failure | to educate → education →educational 150. unstable relationship COL 151. addiction to drugs/alcohol PREP 152. to be/get addicted to sth PREP 153. to be/feel powerless over your life PREP 154. a feeling/sense of powerlessness WF/COL 155. to be voiceless WF= unable to get your opinions or concerns noticed by people in power 156. fear for the future PREP 157. OPPfreedom of a choice/action col 158. OPPpeace of mind COL = a feeling of being calm, happy, and not worried 159. to suffer from / to reduce / tackle social isolation/exclusion TERM =the state of being alone or lonely: Many unemployed people experience feelings of isolation and depression. 160. (to live) on the margins of sth e.g. society idiom 161. to feel lonely adjective – loneliness noun WF/SP 162. to (not) belong to a community PREP / to feel a sense of belonging COL 163. to reintegrate sb into society sp/wf/prep 164. to manage your life with success Social Mobility 165. to move up (e.g. the social ladder) PHR 166. to reach the top COL 167. to prosper → prosperous → prosperity wf/spelling 168. to get ahead phr 169. to lag behind phr 170. to reach your full potential COL 171. to face barriers COL 172. insurmountable barrier COL/WF 173. to grow / broaden about the gap between sth and sth COL 174. to pose/present a threat to sth col/prep Solutions 175. to combat poverty COL 176. to eradicate poverty COL 177. to alleviate poverty COL 178. to escape poverty COL 179. to lift smb out of poverty prep 180. (to introduce) a minimum wage TERM(the smallest amount of money that an employer is legally allowed to pay a worker) 181. to curb low wages 182. social welfare term =practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it: The state is still the main provider of welfare. 183. social security BrE term= money that the government pays regularly to people who are poor, unemployed, sick, etc: to live on social security 184. (to receive) job seeker’s allowance TERM(money that the government pays to unemployed people who are looking for a job) 185. taxpayer term 186. to pay a tax col to introduce/levy a tax col a progressive tax term = a tax system in which people who earn a lot of money pay a larger percentage of their income in tax than people who earn less 187. to fund sb through taxes 188. to place a burden on sb COL/PREP → to carry/ease/reduce/share the burden 189. to send sb back to school COL 190. to set up retraining courses/senior citizens groups/centres TERM/PHR 191. (to offer) tax incentive for/to sb to do sth TERM/PREP 192. to be hit by recession | to be in recession 193. to cut the number of sth/sb prep to cut jobs 194. to decline [ about wages] 195. to postpone retirement term/wf from ‘retire’ 196. to face unprecedented competition wf/col 197. stagnant → to stagnate → stagnation wf 198. to stabilize the economy col/wf stable → stabilize 199. to stimulate the economy/economic growth col/wf grow → growth 200. public spending col/term = the money that the government pays for projects relating to education, health care, defence etc 201. poor investment in sth col/prep>low-quality public services 202. to pour money into sth phr The government has poured millions into the education system. 203. to improve/provide (strong/dependable) public services = a service such as transport or health care that a government or an official organization provides for people in general in a particular society 204. to provide basic education/healthcare 205. (to provide) adequate food/safe water 206. sanitation term = systems for taking dirty water and waste from homes to ensure good hygiene: A lack of clean water and sanitation were the main problems. Housing 207. shanty town term = an area in or near a town where poor people live in small houses, built of pieces of wood, metal and cardboard 208. cardboard box cities term (an area in a large town or city where people who have no home sleep outside using cardboard boxes to try to keep warm) Date: 2016-01-03; view: 973
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