Some examples of adjective order

EXERCISES

Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct position.

1. a beautiful table (wooden/round) a beautiful round wooden table.

An unusual ring (gold) ---.

A new pullover (nice) ---.

A new pullover (green) ---.

An old house (beautiful) ---.

Black gloves (leather) ---.

An American film (old) ---.

A long face (thin) ---.

Big clouds (black) ---.

A sunny day (lovely) ---.

A wide avenue (long) ---.

12. a metal box (black/small) ---.

13. a big cat (fat/black) ---.

14. a little village (old/lovely) ---.

15. long hair (black/beautiful) ---.

16. an old painting (interesting/French) ---.

17. an enormous umbrella (red/yellow) ---.

Put the adjectives in order that sounds natural for you.

He gave us some bread (brown, delicious, homemade).

A lady suddenly arrived (little, old, funny).

I bought a shirt (silk, striped, blue and white).

He was smoking a cigar (fat, revolting, Havana).

5. I’ve got a racket (new, tennis, great, metal).

She was wearing a dress (summer, plain, cotton).

Thieves stole a painting (French, priceless, Impressionist).

He showed me into his room (airy, living, high-ceilinged).

He introduced me to his daughter (ten-year-old, little, pretty).

10. I’ve just met a student (young, chemistry, very interesting).

11.3 Which is the correct order?

1.

a) a small Canadian thin lady

b) a Canadian small thin lady

c) a small thin Canadian lady

d) a thin small Canadian lady

2.

a) a carving steel new knife

b) a new steel carving knife

c) a steel new carving knife

d) a new carving steel knife

3.

a) a beautiful blue sailing boat

b) a blue beautiful sailing boat

c) a sailing beautiful blue boat

d) a blue sailing beautiful boat

4.

a) an old wooden square table

b) a square wooden old table

c) an old square wooden table

d) a wooden old square table

5.

a) an new French exciting band

b) a French new exciting band

c) an exciting French new band

d) an exciting new French band

6.

a) a red big plastic hat

b) a big red plastic hat

c) a plastic big red hat

d) a bit plastic red hat

7.

a) a small Japanese serving bowl

b) a Japanese small serving bowl

c) a small serving Japanese bowl

d) a serving small Japanese bowl

8.

a) a cotton dirty old tie

b) a dirty cotton old tie

c) an old cotton dirty tie

d) a dirty old cotton tie

UNIT XII

Although/though/even though/ in spite of/despite

A. Study this example situation:
Last year Jack and Jill spent their holidays by the sea.
It rained a lot but they enjoyed themselves. You can say:
Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves. (= It rained a lot but they ...)
or In spite of the rain, they enjoyed themselves.

Despite the rain, they enjoyed themselves.

B. After although we use a subject + verb:
Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
I didn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications.
Compare the meaning of although and because:
We went out although it was raining.
We didn't go out because it was raining.

C. After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun
(this/that/what etc.) or ~ing:
In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
I didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications.
She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work.
In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.
Despite is the same as in spite of.

Note that we say 'in spite of', but despite (without 'of'):
She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work. (not 'despite of this')
You can say 'in spite of the fact (that)...' and 'despite the fact (that) ...':
I didn't get the job in spite of the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications.
I didn't get the job despite of the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications.
Compare in spite of and because of:
We went out in spite of the rain. (or ... despite the rain.)
We didn't go out because of the rain.

D. Compare although and in spite of/despite:
Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. (not 'in spite of the traffic was bad')
In spite of the traffic, I arrived on time. (not 'in spite of the traffic was bad')
I couldn't sleep although I was very tired. (not 'despite I was tired')
I couldn't sleep despite being very tired. (not 'despite I was tired')

E. Sometimes we use though instead of although:

I didn't get the job though I had all the necessary qualifications.
In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence:
The house isn't very nice. I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden)
I see him every day. I've never spoken to him though. (= but I've never spoken to him)

Even though (but not 'even' alone) is a stronger form of although:
Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep. (not 'Even I was really tired .')

EXERCISES

12.1. Complete the sentences. Use although + a sentence from the box.

I didn't speak the language
he has a very important job
I had never seen her before
we don't like them very much
it was quite cold, the heating was on
I'd met her twice before
we've known each other for a long time
1. Although he has a very important job, he isn't particularly well-paid.
2. ---, I recognised her from a photograph.
3. She wasn't wearing a coat ---.
4. We thought we'd better invite them to the party ---.
5. ---, I managed to make myself understood.
6. ---, the room wasn't warm.
7. I didn't recognize her ---.
8. We're not very good friends ---.

12.2. Complete the sentences with although/in spite of/because/because of.
1. Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
2. a. --- all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.

b. ---we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
3. a. I went home early --- I was feeling unwell.

b. I went to work the next day --- I was still feeling unwell.
4. a. She only accepted the job --- the salary, which was very high.
b. She accepted the job --- the salary, which was rather low.
5. a. I managed to get to sleep --- there was a lot of noise.
b. I couldn't get to sleep --- the noise.

Use your own ideas to complete the following sentences:
6. a. He passed the exam although .---.
b. He passed the exam because ---.
7. a. I didn't eat anything although ---.

b. I didn't eat anything in spite of ---.

12.3. Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.
1. I couldn't sleep. I was tired. (despite). I couldn't sleep despite being tired.
2. They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of) In spite of ---.
3. My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village. (although)
4. I enjoyed the film. The story was silly. (in spite of)
5. We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other. (despite)
6. I got very wet in the rain. I had an umbrella. (even though)

12.4. Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end.
1. The house isn't very nice. (like/garden) I like the garden though.
2. It's quite warm. (a bit windy) ---.
3. We didn't like the food. (ate) ---.
4. Liz is very nice. (don't like/husband) I ---.

UNIT XIII

CONDITIONALS

A conditional is a kind of sentence, which uses a word such as if. It talks about situations that are not real.

There are three main types of conditional sentences:

We use Conditional 1 talk about probable situations in the future.

We use Conditional 2 to talk about possible but unlikely situations in the future.

We use Conditional 3 to talk about past situations, which did not happen.

We use the first conditional to talk about possible situations in the future. These can well happen.

If you go out in the rain, you will get wet.

If you lift that heavy weight alone, you will hurt your back.

To make the first conditional we use two clauses. The if-clause is in the present tense, the conditional clause uses will and the infinitive:

{if} + {present} |{will} + {infinitive}

There are two clauses: the if-clause can come first or second. When it comes first, we usually put a comma between the two.

If you leave now, you will catch the train.

Date: 2016-01-03; view: 2074