Fill in each gap the appropriate form of phrasal verb using put listed below.

1. Johnny, before you can go outside to play, you have all the toys and clothes on the floor of your room.

2. There’s too much noise in here for me to study. I can’t it any longer.

3. It’s quite cold tonight. I think we should some warmer clothing before we go outside.

4. Please your cigarette in the ashtray immediately. No smoking is allowed in here.

5. I can’t doing that important assignment any longer. It’ due in just three days.

6. The military troops used force the mass demonstration against the corrupt government.

7. Shari’s father helped her new bicycle, which came in pieces in a box.

UNIT X

Verb + ~ing or to... (1) (remember/regret etc.)

A. When one verb follows another verb, the structure is usually verb +~ing or verb + to ... Compare: verb + ~ing
They denied stealing the money.
I enjoy going out.
Often we use ~ing for an action that happens before the first verb or at the same time: stealing <- denied/ verb + to ...
They decided to steal the money.
I want to go out.
Often we use to... for an action that follows the first verb:
decided -> to steal want -> to go
This difference is often helpful (see Section B) but does not explain all uses of ~ing and to...
B. Some verbs can be followed by V+ing or toV ... with a difference of meaning: remember
I remember doing something = I did it and now I remember this.
You remember doing something after you have done it:
I'm absolutely sure I locked the door. I clearly remember locking it.
(= I locked it, and now I remember this)
He could remember driving along the road just before the accident happened, but he couldn't remember the accident itself.
I remembered to do something = I remembered that I had to do it, and so I did it.
You remember to do something before you do it:
I remembered to lock the door when I left but I forgot to shut the
windows. (= I remembered that I had to lock the door and so I locked it)
Please remember to post the letter. (= don't forget to post it)
regret
I regret doing something = I did it and now I'm sorry about it:
* I now regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it.
I regret to say/to tell you/to inform you = I'm sorry that I have to say (etc.):
(from a formal letter) We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the job.
go on
Go on doing something = continue doing the same thing:
* The minister went on talking for two hours.
* We must change our ways. We can't go on living like this.
Go on to do something = do or say something new:
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy.
C. begin start intend continue bother
These verbs can be followed by ~ing or to... with little or no difference in meaning. So you can say:
It has started raining. or It has started to rain.
John intends buying a house. or John intends to buy ...
Don't bother locking the door. or Don't bother to lock ...
But normally we do not use ~ing after ~ing:
It's starting to rain. (not 'it's starting raining')

EXERCISES

10.1. Put the verb into the correct form, V+ing or toV... . Sometimes either form is possible.
1. They denied stealing the money. (steal)
2. I don't enjoy --- very much. (drive)
3. I don't want --- out tonight. I'm too tired. (go)
4. I can't afford --- out tonight. I haven't got enough money. (go)
5. Has it stopped --- yet? (rain)
6. Can you remind me --- some coffee when we go out? (buy)
7. Why do you keep --- me questions? Can't you leave me alone? (ask)
8. Please stop --- me questions! (ask)
9. I refuse --- any more questions. (answer)
10. One of the boys admitted --- the window. (break)
11. The boy's father promised --- for the window to be repaired. (pay)
12. Ann was having dinner when the phone rang. She didn't answer the phone; she just carried on ---. (eat)

13. 'How did the thief get into the house?' 'I forgot --- the window.'(shut)
14. I've enjoyed --- you. (meet) I hope --- you again soon. (see)
15. The baby began --- in the middle of the night. (cry)
16. Julia has been ill but now she's beginning --- better. (get)

10.2. Here is some information about Tom when be was a child.
1. He was in hospital when he was four.
2. He went to Paris when he was eight.
3. Once he fell into a river.
4. He cried on his first day at school.
5. He said he wanted to be a doctor.
6. Once he was bitten by a dog.
He can still remember 1, 2 and 4. But be can't remember 3, 5 and 6.
Write sentences beginning He can remember ... or He can't remember...
1. He can remember being in hospital when he was four.
2. ---
3. ---
4. ---
5. ---
6. ---

10.3. Complete these sentences with a suitable verb in the correct form, V+ing or toV.

1. a. Please remember to lock the door when you go out.
b. A: You lent me some money a few months ago.
B: Did I? Are you sure? I don't remember --- you any money.
c. A: Did you remember --- your sister?
B: Oh no, I completely forgot. I'll phone her tomorrow.
d. When you see Mandy, remember --- her my regards, won't you?
e. Someone must have taken my bag. I clearly remember --- it by the
window and now it has gone.
2. a. I believe that what I said was fair. I don't regret --- it.
b. (after a driving test) I regret --- that you have failed the test.
3. a. Keith joined the company 15 years ago. He was quickly promoted
and became assistant manager after two years. A few years later he went
on --- manager of the company.
b. I can't go on --- here any more. I want a different job.
c. When I came into the room, Liz was reading a newspaper. She looked
up and said hello to me, and then went on --- her newspaper.

Verb + ~ing or to ... (2) (try/need/help)

A. Try to ... and try ~ing
Try to do = attempt to do, make an effort to do:
I was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldn't.
Please try to be quiet when you come home. Everyone will be asleep.
Try also means 'do something as an experiment or test'. For example:
These cakes are delicious. You must try one. (= you must have one to see if you like it)
We couldn't find anywhere to stay. We tried every hotel in the town but they were all full. (= we went to every hotel to see if they had a room)
If try (with this meaning) is followed by a verb, we say try ~ing:
A: The photocopier doesn't seem to be working.
B: Try pressing the green button. (= press the green button – perhaps this will help to solve the problem)
Compare:
* I tried to move the table but it was too heavy. (so I couldn't move it)
* I didn't like the way the furniture was arranged, so I tried moving the table to the other side of the room. But it still didn't look right, so I moved it back again.
B. Need to ... and need ~ing
I need to do something = it is necessary for me to do it:
I need to take more exercise.
He needs to work harder if he wants to make progress.
I don't need to come to the meeting, do I?
Something needs doing = something needs to be done:
The batteries in the radio need changing. (= they need to be changed)
Do you think my jacket needs cleaning? (= ... needs to be cleaned)
It's a difficult problem. It needs thinking about very carefully. (=it needs to be thought about)

C. Help and can't help

You can say 'help to do' or 'help do' (infinitive with or without to):
Everybody helped to clean up after the party. or Everybody helped clean up ...
Can you help me to move this table? or Can you help me move ...
There is also an expression 'can't/couldn't help doing something'. 'I can't help doing something' = I can't stop myself from doing it:
I don't like him but he has a lot of problems. I can't help feeling sorry for him.
She tried to be serious but she couldn't help laughing. (= she couldn't stop herself from laughing)
I'm sorry I'm so nervous. I can't help it. (= I can't help being nervous)

EXERCISES

10.4. Make helpful suggestions. Each time write a sentence using try +one of the following suggestions: phone him at work move the aerial change the batteries turn it the other way take an aspirin
1. The radio isn't working. I wonder what's wrong with it.
Have you tried changing the batteries?
2. I can't open the door. The key won't turn. Try ---
3. The TV picture isn't very good. What can I do about it? Have you ---
4. I can't contact Fred. He's not at home. What shall I do? Why don't you ---
5. I've got a terrible headache. I wish it would go. Have you ---

10.5. For each picture write a sentence with need(s) + one of the following verbs:
clean cut empty redecorate tighten
1. Her jacket is dirty. It needs cleaning.
2. The grass is very long. It ---
3. The room isn't very nice ---
4. The screws arc loose ---
5. The bin is full ---

10.6. Put the verb into the correct form, V+ing or toV .
1. a. I was very tired. I tried to keep (keep) my eyes open but I couldn't.
b. I rang the doorbell but there was no answer. Then I tried ---(knock) on the door, but there was still no answer.
c. We tried --- (put) the fire out but we were unsuccessful. We had to call the fire brigade.
d. Sue needed to borrow some money. She tried --- (ask) Gerry but he was short of money too.
e. I tried --- (reach) the shelf but I wasn't tall enough.
f. Please leave me alone. I'm trying --- (concentrate).
2. a. I need a change. I need --- (go) away for a while.
b. She isn't able to look after herself. She needs --- (look) after.
c. The windows are dirty. They need --- (clean).
d. Why are you leaving now? You don't need --- (go) yet, do you?
e. You don't need --- (iron) that shirt. It doesn't need --- (iron).
3. a. They were talking very loudly. I couldn't help --- (overhear) them.
b. Can you help me --- (get) the dinner ready?
c. He looks so funny. Whenever I see him, I can't help --- (smile).
d. The fine weather helped --- (make) it a very enjoyable holiday.

Verb + ~ing or to... (3) (like/would like etc.)

A. like love hate can't bear enjoy dislike mind can't stand
These verbs and expressions all mean 'like' or 'not like'. They are often followed by ~ing:
Ann hates flying.
Why do you dislike living here?
I don't like people shouting at me. (= I don't like being shouted at.)
After love, hate and can't bear, you can also use to ... So you can say:
I love meeting people. or I love to meet people.
She can't bear being alone. or She can't bear to be alone.
But after enjoy/dislike/mind/can't stand, we use only ~ing (not 'to ...'):
I enjoy being alone. (not 'I enjoy to be')
Tom doesn't mind working at night. (not 'mind to work')

B. Like
You can say 'I like doing something' or 'I like to do something'. Often
it doesn't matter which you use, so you can say:
I like getting up early. or I like to get up early.
In British English, there is sometimes a difference between 'I like
doing' and 'I like to do'.
'I like doing something' means 'I enjoy it':
Do you like cooking? (= do you enjoy it?)
I like living here. (= I enjoy it)
'I like to do something' means 'I think it is good or right +() do it':

I like to clean the kitchen as often as possible. (This doesn't mean that I enjoy it; it means that I think it is a good thing to do.)
Mary likes people to be on time.

C. Would like/would love/would hate/would prefer are usually followed by to ... (infinitive):
I would like to be rich.
Would you like to come to dinner on Friday?
I'd love (= would love) to be able to travel round the world.
Would you prefer to have dinner now or later?
Compare I like and I would like:
I like playing/to play tennis. (= I enjoy it in general)
I would like to play tennis today. (= I want to play today)
Note that would mind is followed by ~ing (not to ...)
Would you mind closing the door, please?

D. You can also say 'I would like to have done something' (= I regret now that I didn't or couldn't do something):
It's a pity we didn't see Val when we were in London. I would like to
have seen her again.
We'd like to have gone on holiday but we didn't have enough money.
You can use the same structure after would love/would hate/would
prefer:
Poor old Tom! I would hate to have been in his position.
I'd love to have gone to the party but it was impossible.

EXERCISES

10.7. Complete the sentences with likes... or doesn't like... + one of the following (in the correct form): be kept waiting do nothing drive fly solve mysteries take photographs take risks work in the open air
1. George is a detective. He enjoys his work. He likes solving mysteries.
2. Ann very rarely travels by plane. She doesn't like flying.
3. Rose always carries her camera with her. She ---
4. Christine doesn't use her car very often. She ---
5. Dave is a gardener. He likes his job. He ---
6. Jennifer is a very cautious person. She ---
7. Ted is extremely lazy. He ---
8. Helen is very impatient. She ---

10.8. Write sentences about yourself. Say whether you like or don't like these activities. Choose one of these verbs for each sentence: (don't) like love hate enjoy don't mind
1. (flying) I don't like flying.
2. (playing cards)
3. (doing the ironing)
4. (going to museums)
5. (lying on the beach all day)

10.9. How would you feel about doing these jobs? In your sentences use one of these:
I'd like/I wouldn't like I'd love I'd hate I wouldn't mind
1. (a teacher) I wouldn't like to be a teacher.
2. (a dentist)
3. (a hairdresser)
4. (an airline pilot)
5. (a tourist guide)

10.10. Put in a suitable verb in the correct form, ~ing or to ... Sometimes either form is possible.
1. It's nice to be with other people but sometimes I enjoy beingalone.
2. I'm not quite ready yet. Do you mind --- a little longer?
3. When I was a child, I hated --- to bed early.
4. I don't enjoy --- letters. I can never think what to write.
5. I need a new job. I can't stand --- here any more.
6. I would love --- to your wedding but I'm afraid it isn't possible.
7. Caroline never wears a hat. She doesn't like --- hats.
8. 'Would you like --- down?' 'No, thanks. I'll stand.'
9. When I have to catch a train, I'm always worried that I'll miss it.
So I like --- to the station in plenty of time.
10. Have you got a moment? I'd like --- to you about something.

10.11. Write sentences like those in Section D. Use the verb in brackets.
1. It's a pity I couldn't go to the wedding. (like) I would like to have gone to the wedding.
2. It's a pity I didn't see the programme. (like)
3. I'm glad I didn't lose my watch. (hate)
4. It's a pity I didn't meet Ann. (love)
5. I'm glad I wasn't alone. (not/like)
6. It's a pity I couldn't travel by train. (prefer)

10.12 Complete the conversation between a travel agent and a woman, using the infinitive or the -ing form.

A: Good morning, madam. Can I 1) …….. (help) you?

W: Yes. I'd like 2) ................. (book) a holiday please.

A: Certainly. I must 3) ......... (ask) you a few questions. Now ... where would you like 4) ...... (go)? How long are you going 5) …….. (stay)? Would you prefer 6)..... (have) a relaxing beach holiday or 7) ....... (go) sightseeing? Which countries are you interested in 8) …….. (visit)? What means of transport do you prefer?

W: Well, young man. I don't know where 9) ……. (go) or how long 10)….. (stay). I hate 11)….. (go) to the beach and I don't enjoy sightseeing. I don't want 12) ….. (visit) any foreign countries because foreign food makes me 13) …… (feel) ill. As for means of transport, I'm too frightened 14) ……. (fly) in an aeroplane. I hate 15) … (go) on boats, I don't like 16) ……. (travel) by train and 17) ……. (travel) on a coach makes me 18) …… (feel) sick.

A: Well madam, I don't know what 19 ……… (suggest). I don't want 20) ..... (appear) rude, but I really think you should 21)..... (stay) at home!

UNIT XI

Adjectives: word order (a nice new house)

1.In English, it is common to use more than one adjective before a noun - for example, "He's a silly young fool," or "she's a smart, energetic woman." When you use more than one adjective, you have to put them in the right order, according to type. See the examples:

My brother lives in a nice new house.

In the kitchen there was 'a beautiful large round wooden table’.

2. Adjectives like new/large/round/wooden are fact adjectives. They give us factual information about age, size, colour etc. Adjectives like nice/beautiful are opinion adjectives. They tell us what somebody thinks of something or somebody. Opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives: a nice(opinion) long(fact) summer holiday, an interesting(opinion) young(fact) man, a delicious(opinion) hot(fact) vegetable soup, a beautiful(opinion) large round wooden(fact) table.

2. Sometimes we use two or more fact adjectives. Very often (but not always) we put fact adjectives in this order:

Adjectives of size and length (big/small/tall/short/long etc.) usually go before adjectives of shape and width (round/fat/thin/slim/wide etc.):

a large round table a tall thin girl a long narrow street

When there are two colour adjectives, we use and:

a black and white dress; a red, white and green flag

but a long black dress (not 'a long and black dress')

Date: 2016-01-03; view: 1363