Lecture 1 Purpose and objectives of the international standardization. Basic concepts.

Ф. 7.03-03

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

M.Auezov South Kazakhstan State University

Chair «Standardization and certification»

Zholdasbekova G.Sh., Kenzhekhanova M.B., Ormanova G.M.

International standartization and CERTIFICATION

Course of lectures

for students of a specialty 5B073200 «Standardization, certification and metrology»

Study: Full-time, distance

Shymkent, 2014

UDC 006 (075.8)

Originators: Zholdasbekova G.Sh., Kenzhekhanova M.B., Ormanova G.M. a lecture course "International standardization and certification" for specialty 5В073200 – Standardization, certification and metrology Shymkent: SKSU of M. Auezov; 2014, ____ p.

The course of lectures is made according to the requirement of the curriculum and the discipline program "International standardization and certification" and includes all necessary data on performance of lecture occupations of a course by that.

Course of lectures are intended for students of specialty 5В073200 – «Standardization, certification and metrology».

The discipline purpose «International standardization and certification» - to teach students the basics of theoretical and practical skills in the field of international standardization and certification and the ability to use them in their activities.

As a result of studying of this discipline students should: - an understanding of the history and development of standards in the world and in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the role of international standardization and certification in the daily working process, the present state of international standards for quality assurance of products, services and production, the application of international standards and certificates in the Republic of Kazakhstan; - be able to use international standards, regulations and agreements on certification, international administrative procedures regulating the order of delivery and transport of products to fill the international agreements and customs documents at delivery and acceptance of products, product quality control to produce quantitative and qualitative characteristics, identify and classify products with using bar-coding system; - to acquire practical skills - filling out customs declarations and documents on delivery and acceptance of products, the qualitative and quantitative quality control of products, identification and classification of articles using bar coding.

Reviewers:

Eshankulov A.A.– c.t.s., the docent in chair"S and C", SKSU of M. Auezov

Ortaev A.E. - c.ch.s., the docent in chair"S and C", SKSU of M. Auezov

It is considered and is recommended faculty meeting «Standardization and certification»

(Minute № ___ from «___» ________ 20 ___)

Methodical commission of faculty of mechanics and oil and gas business (Minute № ___ from «___» ________ 20 ___)

It is recommended to the edition Educational and methodical council of SKSU of M. Auezov, Minute № ___ from «___» ________ 20 ___.

© the Southern Kazakhstan state university of M. Auezov, 2014.

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Introduction

The existence of a significant number of national and regional standards has always led to the formation of various obstacles in the development of trade relations between the various states. To address these problems directed the development of international standardization and certification systems. The main organization in this direction is the ISO, which started its activities in the late 40s. The international standardization committee ISO included International Electrotechnical Commission IEC. These organizations are the largest centers for the development of international standards. Standards developed by ISO is recognized in more than 130 countries worldwide. Technical barriers development of international economic and trade relations are national standards and national certification as methods for determining the conformity of the goods or services to these standards. Many states began to adopt international standards developed by ISO and IEC as national certification systems developed in the direction of these standards. ISO, IEC and ITU are practically an international network of standardization and certification. In the framework of international agreements were concluded, which the state took on the national level of international standards and certification systems. These agreements were of great importance. They allowed if not erase completely, greatly reduce the impact on the development of international economic relations significant differences in the standards of individual states and their certification. under international agreements, national certification systems and their results are accepted by the international community.

Significant problem of development of certification and standardization at the national level is that in most states, these institutions and their decisions are not law, but rather a recommendation. In different states to the national systems of standardization and certification is different. In some countries, a strong enough impact on them of the state, in some countries, problems of standardization and certification are conducted by various non-governmental organizations, and in some countries, government and public organizations for standardization and certification are parallel to each other. Introduction to national standards systems of international standardization and certification has led to the fact that adherence to such standards was not just the image of companies and their main strategy. Compliance with international standards adds respect and trust companies, allows access to world markets without any problems and the cost of additional certification is based on the country in which the company provides import their products.

International standardization and certification are now at the stage of development. But this development is rapidly. An increasing number of countries have adopted international standards, and issue of domestic products is carried out based on them. International standardization and certification are key regulators of stimulants and the development of international economic and trade relations. Integration processes in the field of standardization and certification covers not only Europe, but also other countries and regions, including the CIS countries, which includes the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The development strategy of our country involves the integration of Kazakhstan into the international trading system that establishes uniform requirements for Standards, Metrology and Certification. To improve the state of standardization and certification and bring them in line with European and other international standards expected: the creation of a system of technical regulation, development of technical regulations and the transition from voluntary to mandatory standardization; the formation of new technical committees, including at the international level, standardization and metrology services in industries, enterprises, strengthening and improving the structure of the authorized body for standardization, metrology and certification; development of an information center on the interaction with the WTO on standardization, metrology and certification; development and implementation of the enterprises of the republic of quality systems and environmental management systems that meet the requirements of international standards ISO 9000 and 14000; implementation of public policies to encourage domestic enterprises by conducting competitions for prizes of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan "For achievements in quality" and "Best Products of Kazakhstan"; carrying out work on the recognition of the accreditation body of Kazakhstan at the international level; improvement of state supervision over the quality of products based on international experience.

At this stage of a transition to international standards in the field of the financial system, other areas, such as education , social services, health, tourism and other industries according to their development programs.

Enhanced international cooperation in the field of standardization includes: increased cooperation with international, regional and national organizations; accession to the Metre Convention and accession to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the International Association for Laboratory Accreditation (ILAC), the International Accreditation Forum (IAF); The participation of representatives of Kazakhstan in the work of the technical committees of international organizations, most notably ISO, IEC; the governing bodies of international organizations for standardization, metrology and certification, including the secretariat of ISO.

Implementation of these activities contributes to improving the quality and competitiveness of Kazakh products in domestic and foreign markets, to increase the economic potential of the country. For the implementation of reforms and a decent place Kazakh products on the world market before and after the accession of Kazakhstan to the WTO corporate need competent, qualified experts in the field of standardization , metrology and certification , able to solve problems in this area. This tutorial will help students majoring Standardization, Metrology and Certification in the study of the subject "International Standardization and Certification" form of knowledge and skills in their future endeavors.

Lecture 1 Purpose and objectives of the international standardization. Basic concepts.

Lecture plan:

1 International standardization

2 The objectives of the International Standardization

1 International standardization - standardization , participation is open to the relevant bodies of all countries. By standardizing refers to activities aimed at achieving the ordering in a particular area by establishing provisions for common and repeated use in respect of the real and potential problems. This activity is manifested in the development, publication of the application of standards.

The international standard - a standard adopted by an international organization. The standard is called the document in which the product performances, operation, storage, transportation, marketing and utilization, works or services. The standard may also contain requirements to terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labeling and the rules of their application. In practice, under international standards often involve regional standards and standards developed by the scientific and technical societies and adopted as standards by different countries of the world.

Regional standardization - standardization, participation is open to the relevant bodies of only one geographic or economic region in the world. Regional standard - a standard adopted by a regional organization for standardization. Standard of scientific, technical, engineering society - a standard adopted by the scientific, technical, engineering company or other public associations.

The main purpose of international standards - is the creation of internationally unified methodological framework for the development of new and improvement of existing systems and the quality of their certification. Scientific and technical cooperation in the field of standardization is aimed at harmonizing national standardization system and the international, regional and national systems of progressive standardization. In the development of international standards are interested in both industrialized countries and developing countries, creating its own national economy.

2 The objectives of the International Standardization:

1) The convergence of the level of quality of products made in different countries;

2) ensuring the interchangeability of components of complex products;

3 ) promotion of international trade;

4 ) To promote the mutual exchange of scientific and technical information and the acceleration of scientific and technical progress.

3 The main objectives of standardization are:

1) The establishment of requirements to the technical level and quality of products, raw materials, semi-finished products and components, as well as standards, regulations and practices in the design and manufacture of products, which allows to accelerate the introduction of advanced methods of production of high quality products and to eliminate wasteful variety of types, brands, and sizes;

2) the development of unification and aggregation of industrial products as a key condition of specialization of production, mechanization and automation of production processes, improving interoperability , efficiency, maintenance and repair products;

3) ensuring unity and reliability of measurements in the country, the establishment and improvement of the state standards of physical units, and also the methods of measuring the highest accuracy;

4 ) development of standardized documentation systems of classification and coding of technical and economic information;

5) The adoption of common terminology and symbols in the most important areas of science, technology and economic sectors;

6) form a system of safety standards, systems, standards for environmental protection and improvement of natural resources;

7) creating an enabling environment for trade , cultural , scientific and technical ties.

4 UNECE has identified the following key priorities and objectives for international standardization :

1 ) health and safety;

2) improvement of the environment;

3 ) To promote scientific and technical cooperation;

4) the elimination of technical barriers to international trade, resulting from negarmonizovannyh regulations.

In the list of UNECE designated 15 sectors ( areas ) that require standardization

1. Nuclear, radiation safety and radiation protection.

2 . Construction equipment and elements.

3 . Electrical and electronic equipment and parts.

4 . Protection of the environment.

5 . Fire prevention and protection from theft.

6. Machinery .

7. Health.

8. Tractors , machinery for agriculture and forestry.

9. Transport equipment.

10 . Processing of information.

11. Energy.

12. Materials.

13. Other products and equipment.

14. Metrology.

15. Security and quality assessment.

Control questions :

1 Tell us about the history of the development of accreditation systems in the world

2 Define the term "accreditation" , "technical barriers"

3 What types of technical barriers exist

4 Relationship Certification and Accreditation

5 The main goals and objectives of mutual recognition agreements

Date: 2016-01-03; view: 1797