Home Random Page


CATEGORIES:

BiologyChemistryConstructionCultureEcologyEconomyElectronicsFinanceGeographyHistoryInformaticsLawMathematicsMechanicsMedicineOtherPedagogyPhilosophyPhysicsPolicyPsychologySociologySportTourism






Affixes: mono-polysemantic

A reader-a man, who reads-polysemantic (õðåñòîìàòèÿ)

Kingdom-one mng-monosemantic

1) row/ set – group of ws built according to the same pattern 2) cluster – a complex unity of ws with the same root morpheme & because of this they are related in mng. Patterns are different.

brother →adj brotherly, brotherless

I degreee →n stepbrother, brother-in-law

→v to brother

II degree →v to brother-in law

→n brotherlessness

3) category. Patterns of diff kinds but having 1 general mg can be included in 1 der cat.

Agentivity: -er, -ist, -ee, -ant. –ess, -ster

9. Derivational patterns.

Der pattern – is a model that shows the regular meaningful arrangement of parts of the word - Ics(immediate constituents).

Patterns of derivative structures are usually represented in a generalised way in terms of conventional symbols: small letters v, n, a, adv, ïèò stand for the bases which coincide with the stems of the respective parts of speech: verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals; ved, ving stand for the bases which are the past and present participles respectively. In words of the long-fingeredor sit-innertype the derivational bases are represented by bracketed symbols of the parts of speech making up the corresponding collocations, for example (a+n) +-ed), (v+d) + er.

DPs may represent derivative structure at different levels of generalisation:

a) at the level of structural types specifying only the class membership of ICs and the direction of motivation, such as a+-sf -> N, prf- + +n -> V, prf- n -> N, n + -sf -> N, n + -sf -> V, etc. In terms of patterns of this type, known as structural formulas, all words may be classified into four classes: suffixal derivatives, e.g. friendship, glorified, blackness, skyward;prefixal derivatives, e.g. rewrite, exboxer, non-smoker, un-happy,etc.; conversions, e.g. a cut, to parrot, to winter,etc.; compound words key-ring, music-lover, wind-driven,etc. But derivational formulas are not indicative either of any one lexical-grammatical or lexical class of words, as, for example, the formula a + -sf may equally represent suffixal nouns as in blackness, possibilityand verbs, as in sharpen, widen,or adjectives as in blackish.

b) derivative structure and hence derivative types of words may be represented at the level of structural patterns which specify the base classes and individual affixes thus indicating the lexical-grammatical and lexical classes of derivatives within certain structural classes of words. DPs of this level are based on the mutual interdependence of individual affixes and base classes and may be viewed in terms of each. The suffixes refer derivatives to specific parts of speech and lexical subsets as, for example, the DP n+-ish -> A signals a set of adjectives with the lexical meaning of resemblance, whereas a + -ish -> A signals adjectives meaning a small degree of quality, etc.

c) DPs may be specified as to the lexical-semantic features of both ICs. DPs of this level specify the semantic constraints imposed upon the set of derivatives for which the pattern is true and hence the semantic range of the pattern. For example, the nominal bases in the pattern n+-ess -> N are confined to nouns having in their semantic structures a component ‘a male animate being’, e.g. lioness, traitress, stewardess,etc.; the nominal bases in n+-ful2 -> N are limited by nouns having a semantic component ‘container’, e.g. lungful, carful, mouthful,whereas in n+ -ful1 -> A the nominal bases are confined to nouns of abstract meaning.




 


Date: 2016-01-03; view: 1658


<== previous page | next page ==>
The main aim, principles & methods of derivational analysis. | Car and Transportation Company: Respect-Auto Ltd., Creative Group HOLIDAY in Novosibirsk
doclecture.net - lectures - 2014-2024 year. Copyright infringement or personal data (0.006 sec.)