The present continuous tense

The present simple tense

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var DisplayList1=new Array("p1") The present simple tense

We use the present simple tense to refer to repeated actions, habits and facts. Formation He - She - It + verb + "s" or "es"   Examples Sarah usually goes to school on foot. The earth is round. I get up at 6.30 every day.   Examples He always washes his car in the garage. She often helps her mother in the kitchen.

var DisplayList2=new Array("p2")   The present continuous tense

We use the present continuous tense to refer to actions that are happening now. Examples Hala is cleaning her room now. Samar is writing a letter at the moment.   We use the present continuous tense to refer to actions that are planned for the future. Examples I'm taking a test next week. Salwa is flying to Hamburg tomorrow.   We don't use the present continuous tense with verbs like: see - hear - taste - smell - know...

var DisplayList6=new Array("p6")   Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets

I always visit my grandma at weekends. (Soha)     Soha always visits her grandma at weekends. He rides his bike. (Look)     Look!He is riding his bike. Yesterday they bought the papers. (Every day )     Every daythey buy the papers. He eats a cheese sandwich at break time. (not)     He does not buy any sandwiches at break times.

var DisplayList7=new Array("p7")   Choose the correct words

Ali giving is giving give gave a party next week. Ali is givinga party next week. Nilly like likes liking is liking drinking her tea with a lot of sugar. Nilly likes drinking her tea with a lot of sugar. Sharks smells smelt smell are smelling blood and swim towards it. Sharks smellblood and swim towards it. Mechanics repairs repair are repairing repaired cars. It is their job. Mechanics repaircars. It is their job. The earth go is going goes went around the sun once a year. The earth goesaround the sun once a year.

	Stories of courage

The past simple tense

We use the past simple tense to refer to actions which started and finished in the past.   Examples Last holiday, Hala travelled to Alex and swam in the sea. Long ago, people fetched water from wells.     Regular past Formation verb + "ed" or "d"     Examples like liked arrive arrived visit visited       Irregular past   There are three types: 1- no change: put put put 2- one change: make made made 3- two changes: go went gone

The past continuous tense

We use the past continuous tense to refer to actions that were going on in the past. Example What were you doing at 10 last night? I was watching a film on TV.   We use the past continuous tense to refer to actions in the past which were interrupted by another action. Example Tiffany was sleeping when the house caught fire.

Countable and Uncountable nouns

Countable nouns Countable nouns have singular and plural forms. We use "a" or "an" before singular nouns.   Example I have a banana and an apple.   We use "some" before plural nouns in positive sentences.   Example The government has carried out some projects.   We use "any" before plural nouns in negative sentences and in questions.   Examples I don't have any lessons today. Have you drawn any pictures?       Countable nouns Uncountable nouns are nouns that have no plural. We use "some" before uncountable nouns in positive sentences.   Example I have some information about The Toshka Valley Project.   We use "any" before uncountable nouns in negative sentences and questions.   Examples There wasn't any food left in the fridge. Do you have any money with you?     Notice: "Some" is used in offers and polite requests: Examples Would you like some tea? Could I have some more sugar, please?

Conjunctions

"And", "but" and "so" are used in compound sentences.   And And = more of the same / similar ideas.   Example He entered the room and switched on the lights.   But But = something different.   Example He came late, but he was not punished.   So So = as a result.   Example I felt tired, so I went home.

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets

She went to school. She saw an old friend. (While)     While she was going to school, She saw an old friend. She always comes on time. (Yesterday)     Yesterday she came on time He saved some money because he wanted to buy a new mobile. (so)     He wanted to buy a new mobile so he saved some money. He has some work to do. (not)     He does not have any work to do.

Choose the correct words

While the boy his bike, he fell under a bus. While the boy was riding his bike, he fell under a bus. I in the park when I heard a scream. I was walking in the park when I heard a scream. He arrived on time he found no one was waiting for him. He arrived on time but he found no one was waiting for him. Were you watching TV when I you? Were you watching TV when I phoned you? You cannot put go out a petrol fire with water. You cannot put out a petrol fire with water.

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The present perfect tense

Formation has/have + p.p     We use the present perfect tense to refer to: a) Actions in a period of time up to the present: Example I've learned a lot at this school.   b) Actions which began in the past and continue in the present: Example We have been at school since September.   c) Past actions which have an effect on the present: Example My uncle has changed his job.

The present perfect tense with "since / for"

We use "since" to say when an action began.   Since + A point in time Since + A past time Examples She has phoned her friend twice since 9 o'clock. I haven't seen you since 1999.     We use "for" to say how long something has continued.   For + a period of time Example I haven't seen you for two years.

The present perfect with: "ever / never / yet / just":

Ever Ever (questions)     Example Have you ever been to Aswan?   Never Never (negative sentences)     Example I have never been to Luxor.   Yet We use "yet" at the end of (negative sentences / questions)   Example Has she come yet? No, she hasn't come yet.   Just We use "just" to show that something happened a short time ago.   Example I've just written a letter to my pen friend.

Purpose phrase and purpose clause: Purpose phrase

We use "to" or "in order to" before to show the purpose of doing something..   Example He goes to the club to play football. He plays football in order to be healthy.

Purpose phrase and purpose clause: Changing a purpose phrase into a clause

Example He went to France to learn French. (purpose phrase) He went to France so that he could learn French. (purpose clause)   He gets up early to catch the bus. (purpose phrase) He gets up early so that he can catch the bus. (purpose clause)

Using "because", "so" in sentences

Example He left the office because he finished his work. He finished his work, so he left the office.

Using "although", "however", "but" in sentences

Example Although he has a lot of experience, he can't find a good job. He has a lot of experience. However, he can't find a good job. He has a lot of experience, but he can't get a good job.

Word Formation: Prefixes

A prefix is a letter or a group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. Some prefixes are like: dis - ir - im - un - in:   Examples Dis:     agree disagree appear disappear honest dishonest pleased displeased     Examples Un:     safe unsafe kind unkind happy unhappy fit unfit     Examples im:     possible impossible patient impatient polite impolite proper improper     Examples ir:     regular irregular resistable irresistable     Examples in:     correct incorrect active inactive

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets

She has lived in Alex since 1995. (for)     She has lived in Alex for 9 years. She arrived a short time ago. (just)     She has just arrived. Why don't we go to the cinema? (Let's)     Let's go to the cinema. She has been in the club for two hours. (3 o'clock)     She has been in the club since 3 o'clock.

Choose the correct words

Has Dina off her bike? 1- Has Dina fallen off her bike? Nahla has learned to use the computer. Nahla has just learned to use the computer. She has worked in that office last April. She has worked in that office since last April. They travelled to England two months They travelled to England two months ago. Has Jihan on holiday? yes, she has. Has Jihan been on holiday? yes, she has.

	Development in modern Egypt

The passive voice

The present simple passive   Formation is / are / am + p.p   Example She plays the piano every evening. (active) The piano is played every day. (passive)   The present continuous passive   Formation is / are / am+ being + p.p   Example He is reading some articles in the paper. (active) Some articles are being read in the paper. (passive)   The present perfect passive   Formation has / have + been + p.p   Example They have seen the film at the cinema. (active) The film has been seen at the cinema. (passive)         The past simple passive   Formation was / were + p.p   Example He sent his friend a letter last week. (active) His friend was sent a letter last week. (passive)   The past continuous passive   Formation was / were + being + p.p   Example She was making a new dress for the party. (active) A new dress was being made for the party. (passive)   The past perfect passive   Formation had + been + p.p   Example He had discussed the plan. (active) The plan had been discussed. (passive)         The future simple passive   Formation will + be + p.p   Example They will write some letters. (active) Some letters will be written. (passive)   The future continuous passive   Formation is/are/am + going + to + be + p.p   Example He is going to buy some clothes. (active) Some clothes are going to be bought. (passive)

Connectors."And", "but", "so", "because", & "although"

and = more of the same / similar ideas     Example He entered the room and opened the window.   but = something different   Example He was tired, but he went out.   so = as a result   Example I finished my work, so I left the office.   because = shows a reason   Example I didn't watch the TV programme because I was busy studying.   although = shows a contrast   Example Athlough she was clever, she couldn't answer the question.

The present perfect continuous tense

Formation has / have + been + verb + ing   We use the present perfect continuous for: a) an action which began in the past and continues in the present.   Example They have been building the bridge since 1999.     b) a past action which has an effect on the present.   Example His eyes hurt because he has been reading a lot.         Notice the difference between the present perfect and the present perfect continuous: Example What have you read this week? (Present perfect - it means what you have finished reading) What have you been reading this week? (Present perfect continuous - it means what you started reading and is still reading)

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets

He couldn't find a tin opener, so he used a knife to open the tin. (because)     He used a knife to open the tin because he couldn't find a tin opener. He got up late, but he caught the bus. (although)     Although he got up late, he caught the bus. They started working in the company two years ago. They are still working there. (since)     They have been working in the company since 2001. He will do more work next time. (More work)     More work will be done next time.

Choose the correct words

Some jewels last week. Some jewels were stolen last week. The person who is in charge of a newspaper is an . The person who is in charge of a newspaper is an editor. A successful TV programme is the one which attracts all . A successful TV programme is the one which attracts all viewers. He has his car for two hours. He hasn't stopped yet. He has been driving his car for two hours. He hasn't stopped yet. He was very tired, he went on working. He was very tired, but he went on working.

	Past, present and future

Questions with "How"

How many: for numbers   Example How many engines doe Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1735 <== previous page | next page ==> Organizations control when, where and how the advertisement will be run. | Sujet 3: L’Afrique centrale