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| The use of articles with proper nounsGeographical names
| Geographical names
| No article
| The definite article
| Notes
| | 1. Continents, countries, cities/towns, villages
| Africa, Asia, France, London, Latin America, Central Asia, Petrovka
But
the village of Petrovka
| When having a particularizing attribute
The Philadelphiahe was born in...
In his books W. Scott described the England of the Middle Ages.
| the word groups are always used with the:
The United States, The Soviet Union, The United Kingdom of Great Britain, the Hague, (the) Ukraine, the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Riviera, the Transvaal, the Lebanon, the Congo
| | 2. Ocean, rivers, seas, Channels / canals, deserts, valleys
| Hudson Bay, Buffin Bay, Death Valley, Silicon Valley
| the Pacific, the Black Sea, the Neva, the Sahara, the (English) Channel, the Suez Canal, the Nile Valley, the Valley of the Kings
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| | 3. Lakes
| Lake Baikal, Lake Ontario
| the Baikal, the Ontario, the Great Lake, the Great Bear Lake, the Great Salt Lake
| In the plural The Great Lakes
| | 4. Mountains, volcanoes
| peaks
Elbrus, Everest
| mountain chains
the Urals, the Alps, the Kilauea Volcano
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| | 5. Islands, peninsulas, capes
| a single island
Madagascar, Sicily, Kamchatka, Cape Horn, North Cape, Cape Canaveral,
| island groups
the Bermudas, the British Isles, the Bahamas, the Balkan Peninsula, the Cape of Good Hope
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| | 6. Regions
| North America, Latin America
| the Middle East, the Far East, the north of England, the south of France, the Virgin Lands, the Yorkshire Forests
| western Canada, southern Spain
| | 7. Four cardinal points of the compass
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| the South, the North, the East, the West
| But
from East to West, from North to South
go to South!
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Names of persons
| Names of persons
| No article
| The definite article
| The indefinite article
| | 1. Names of persons
| a) as a rule no article is used
There was a letter from Susan inviting me to a party.
b) modified be attributes old, young, little, dear, poor, honest, lazy, simple, lucky
Young Jolyon was standing by the piano.
She is a widow of poor George.
| a) with a name in the plural to indicate the whole family:
He is very different from the rest of the Kents.
b) with the name modified by a particularizing attribute:
Is he the Sheldon who is a write?
She was no more the Juliaof the first years of their marriage.
With a name modified by a descriptive attribute when a) the limitation is clear from the context or situation:
He caught the paralyzed Madeleinein his arms as the door flew open again.
b) the attribute indicate s a permanent quality of the person in question:
He slapped him on the shoulder, which startled & slightly annoyed the prim George Augustus.
| a) one member of a family:
I have often wondered if Tim was really a Burton.
b) when names of persons indicate typical features of a well-known name: She felt like an Alice in Wonderland.
c) when nothing is known about the person except their name, and with names of persons modified by the adjective certain:
I heard it from a (certain) Mr. Jagger.
| | 2. Nouns of relationship
| a) followed by a proper name:
Uncle Jolyon, Aunt Polly
b) not followed by a proper name and used only by the members of the family:
She went into the hall: Is Mother back?
| a) if other peoples relations are meant:
The son was as clever as the father.
b) the expressions:
Lomonosov was the son of a fisherman.
Becky was the daughter of an artist.
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| | 3. Nouns denoting ranks, titles, professionfollowed by a proper name
| academician Brown, professor Burton, count Brown
| Nouns denoting profession & occupation followed by a proper name:
The painter Warhol left many fine pictures.
The shoemaker Brown is very old.
| A foreign title followed by a proper name
The Baron Munchausen, the Emperor Napoleon III, the Tsar peter the Great
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Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1977
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