How to Use the Tunes

Study table 4.

Table 4

Attitude	Tune shape	Example
	Statements
Cool, calm, phlegmatic, absence of interest	Low Level H + + LF or LF	Yes, Mom. Twenty. It’s mine. It’s Susan’s.
Considered, weighty, neutral	Descending Scale + LF	I stayed in 'bed until 'nearly lunch time. I stayed at 'home and 'worked at my book.
Personal participation	Descending Scale + HF	It was quite good. I liked it 'very much. I wouldn’t 'mind 'seeing it a gain.
Soothing, reassuring, encouraging	Descending Scale + LR	I shan’t be long. John’ll be here soon. I won’t 'drive 'too fast (so don’t worry). I’ll see. Since he’s 'keen to do so why 'not let him.
Grumble, disgruntled effect, reprovingly critical	1) Ascending Scale + HF 2) Low Level H + + LR the take off	I’ve been trying to 'get 'hold of you all day, but your wretched 'line has been 'out of order. I didn’t hurt you // (so why make all that fuss?)
1)If the statement is not complete but leading to a following word group it implies continuation Descending Scale + FR or FR I looked at him // (and recognized him at once). She took the car // (and drove to London). When ever he comes to visit us // (he tries to borrow money). 2) If the statement has two parts, of which the first is more important than the second	Descending Scale + FR or FR Descending Scale + FR or FR I looked at him // (and recognized him at once). She took the car // (and drove to London). When ever he comes to visit us // (he tries to borrow money). FR spread over the whole sentence	I looked at him // (and recognized him at once). She took the car // (and drove to London). Whenever he 'comes to visit us // (he tries to borrow money). I went to London on Monday. You can keep it if you really want it. He was very well when I last saw him. I’m very comfortable, thank you.
If a statement is intended as a question	Descending Scale + LR	You like it? You can’t go? He doesn’t 'want to lend you it?

	Continuation of table 4
	For statements which show reservations on the part of the speaker and which might be followed by but or by You must admit or I must admit	Descending Scale + FR	He’s generous // (but I don’t trust him). He’s handsome // (you must admit). I could take you there tomorrow // (but not today). I like your hat // (I must admit). It wasn’t a very 'nice thing to do // (you must admit).
	Correction, contradiction	Descending Scale + FR	(He’s forty-five) // Forty six. (I like him a lot) // You used to like him. (I can’t do it) // You can’t 'do it that way.
	Warning	Descending Scale + FR	You’ll be late. I shan’t 'tell you a gain. You mustn’t shake it too much.
	A wide range of emotions from being self-satisfied, smug, complacent to real enthusiasm	RF Descending Scale + RF	A marvellous time. It’s a charming spot. What a treat. I simply hated it.
	Surprise	HR Wide/ LR/ FR Descending Scale + LR	(It seems I’ve lost my passport.) — You’ve lost it. (I’ve already seen this film.) — You’ve seen it? In a night club? Last night?
		Questions
	I. Wh-questions (containing Which, What, Who, etc.)
	1. business-like neutral	Descending Scale + LF	What was his name?
2. a) interest in the subject	Descending Scale + HF	Why did you 'change your mind? // Who on 'earth was that? Which?
and for one-word questions
b) interest in the other person as well as in the subject	Descending Scale + LR	How’s your daughter? When are you 'coming to see us?

	Continuation of table 4
3. repetition	LR	(It took me 2 hours.)// How long? (John told me to do it.) // Who told you to do it?
II. Yes-No questions
1. for short questions used as responses	LF	(John’s on holiday.) // Is he? (I went to the theatre last night.)// Did you?
2. for all other Yes-No questions	LR	Have you seen him yet? Did John post that letter? Can I see it?
3. for repetition questions of this type	LR	(Will you help me?) — Will I help you?
III. Tag-questions
1. after commands	LR	Come over here, / will you? Let’s have some music, / shall we? Hold this for me, / would you?
2. if neither the statement nor the tag-question have the word not in them	LR	You liked it, / did you? They’d like some more, / would they?
3. where the word not occurs in either the statement or the tag-question and you want the other person
a) to agree with you	LF	It’s cold today, / isn’t it? (forcing the answer ‘yes’) It was a very good film, / wasn’t it? You won’t worry, / will you? (No)
b) to give his opinion	LR	You’re coming to tea with us, / aren’t you? You weren’t here on Wednesday,/ were you? He didn’t look ill, / did he?

End of table 3
	Exclamations
Strong exclamations	HF	Good Heavens! How extr aordinary! What a 'very 'pretty dress! Nonsense! Splendid!
Real gratitude	LF/HF	Thank you. Thank you very much.
Greeting and saying good-bye	LR	Good morning. Hu llo. Good night.
Questioning exclamation	HR	Oh? Really? Well?
Exclamations refer to something not very exciting or unexpected	LR	Thank you. Good. All right. Good luck.
	Commands
Strong commands	LF/ HF Descending Scale + LF/HF	Don’t be a 'stupid idiot. Take your 'feet off the chair. Come and 'have dinner with us. Have some cheese.
Pleading, soothing, reassuring (more a request than an order)	FR spread over the whole sentence	Shut the window. Do have some more tea? Send it as soon as you can. Don’t make me angry.
Commands with only one important word	FR	Try. Take it. Lend it to them.
Encouraging commands often used in speaking to children	Scandant Head + LR	Don’t 'forget your scarf.

Exercises

I.Transcribe the following conversation phonetically and mark the intonation in the line of text and on the staves.

— Can you recommend somewhere for a holiday?

— What an odd coincidence! I was just going to tell you about our holiday!

— Really? Where did you go? The South of France again?

— No, this time we went to Ireland.

— Oh, you went to Ireland, did you? You were thinking about it the last time we met.

— Oh, yes, I mentioned it to you, didn’t I?

— You were thinking of Belfast, weren’t you?

— Dublin. But we didn’t go there in the end.

— Didn’t you? Where did you go?

— Where? To Galway.

— That’s on the West coast, isn’t it? Was the weather good?

— Reasonably good.

— Tell me about the prices there, would you?

— They weren’t too bad. You should go there and try it. But you ought to go soon. Summer’s nearly over!

— It isn’t over yet. But thank you very much for your advice.

— Good luck. Have a good time.

— Thank you. Goodbye.

II. A Test on How to Use the Tunes

1. I liked it a lot. (personal participation)

2. He’s just arrived. (considered) — Fine!

3. He’s only thirty-five. — Is he?

4. I’ve been waiting for you for ages. Where on earth have you been? (disgruntled effect)

5. Who knows the way? (interest in the subject)

6. You’ll get into trouble unless you stop it. (worrying)

7. Ann is throwing a party tonight. (personal participation) — Really? (surprise) Let’s go there, shall we?

8. He’s really rather handsome. (neutral) — Handsome! (smug)

III. Use the following lengthening word groups for practising fluency:

I don’t know - how - long - I need - to wait - for John - to come - home.

It was near the end - of the week - before - I arrived - back - from - Scotland.

Who was that - awful woman - you talked to - all evening - at the party?

I can't understand - how you did it - so quickly - and efficiently, - Mr Southwood.

When did you hear - that story - about John - and the girl - next door?

Come and have dinner - with us - on Thursday - the twenty-third - of this month.

IV. Use the following for practise in smoothness with initial vowels:

I was better off on my own.

Don’t argue with anyone as old as I am.

How awful it is to be ill when everyone else is all right.

The hungrier I am, the more I eat.

Is there any flaw in my argument, Oscar?

Have you ever asked Ann about Arthur and Amy?

I owe everything I am to my uncle and aunt.

Come over to our house for an evening.

I haven’t set eyes on Alec for ages and ages.

I ended up owing eighty-eight pounds.

You always ought to earn an honest living.

He’s got absolutely no idea how I organize things.

It’s my free evening, but my husband’s gone to the opera.

We aren’t going to hurry off to the zoo now after all.

Henry and I agree that you are to inherit the antique hatstand.

They admire Hugh a lot. He’s a handsome boy and so intelligent too.

We’re going to Edinburgh.

I could be selling a packet of these, or I could be selling an idea.

...are there any special techniques or methods that you can use to achieve that?

...we’ve established who they are and where they are.

...what they’re already buying vis-a-vis the product that we are trying to sell them...

... the sort of people who are going to watch american football...

PHONOSTYLISTICS

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1774