I’d like to invite you to attend my birthday party.

What about coming to my sister’s wedding?

Direct Mustafa said, « I am tired. » {The actual words of the speaker.}

Indirect Mustafa said that he was tired. { Reported Speech.}

الكلام المباشر هو الكلام الذى يقولة الشخص ذاتة//الكلام الغير المباشرهو الكلام المنقولReported speech

1] We use reported speech to report statements:

% NoteChanging direct speech into indirect speechas the following.

لتحويل الكلام المباشر الى غير مباشر يكون كما يلى نبدأ بقائل العبارة ثم نتبعة ب said /answered /replied

واذا وجدا مخاطب نستخدم told ونذكر المخاطب ثم نحذف الاقواس ونربط ب that ويمكن عدم استخدامها

%نحول الضمائر التى بداخل الاقواس الى مايناسب المعنى مثل

نحول الفعل المضارع الى ماضي/// واذا كان الفعل ماضى نحولة الى ماضى تام مثل

{ am/is/are } { was / were }

{ will / shall } { would }

{ visit } {visited}

øIn spoken English we often omit that in reported sentences.

øWe can use different words to report direct speech: said,

answered,replied,told etc.when we use told it must be followed by

the person who was told:

%Examples:

1] Direct The children said, « we are doing our homework,Mr. Alaa. »

Indirect The children told Mr. Alaa thattheywere doing their homework.

2] Direct « I've eaten my food, Hala,» said Nehal.

Indirect Nehal told Hala that she had eaten her food.

3] direct The sons said, « We had our dinner, mum..»

Indirect The sons told mum that they had had their dinner.

4] Direct Gehad said, « I was writing my lesson, Mr. Ahmed. »

Indirect Gehad told Mr. Ahmed that she had been writing her lesson.

5] Direct « I did my homework yesterday, Adel.» Ali said.

Indirect Ali told Adel that he had done his homework the day before.

6] Direct « you should do your homework, » dad said.

Indirect Dad told / advised / me that I had to do my homework.

ملحوظة: الحقائق العلمية يكون فعلها كما هو بدون تغير**********************************************

7] direct « The earth goes round the sun, » said the teacher.

Direct The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

Examples

Direct « Where will you go, Nehal? » asked Asmaa.

Indirect Asmaa asked Nehal where she would go.

اذا كان الفعل المساعد do / does / did نحذفهم و نحول الفعل الاساسى كما ذكرنا

Direct Ibrahim asked Mustafa, «What does your mother cook?»

Indirect Ibrahim asked Mustafa what his mother cooked.

Direct « What were you doing yesterday? »asked El- Shaymaa.

Indirect E-Shaymaa wanted to know what I had been doing

Direct «When did you have your supper, Wafaa? »asked Hala

Indirect Halaa sked wafaa when she had had her supper.

Direct «What's your name?» Mr. Ahmed asked.

Indirect Mr. Ahmed asked me what my name is.

************************************************************************************************************

@Notice the following sentences Notes

اذا كان السؤال يبدأ ب Would you mind + v.+ ing ♣♣ تحول الىHe asked me to+infinitive

Or He wanted me to+ infinitive

1] He said , « Would you mind opening the door?»

Indirect He asked me to open the door

اذا كان السؤال يبدأ ب Would you like to+infinitive♣♣ تحول الىHe suggested+v+ing

2] He said ,« Would you like to have a cup of tea? »

Indirect He suggested a cup of tea -- or—He suggested having a cup of tea

اذا كان السؤال يبدأ ب Would you like +noun..♣♣ تحول الىHe offered me+ noun

3] He said, « Would you like tea?»

Indirect He offered me tea.

*****************************************************************************

4] « What about tea?» he said.

Indirect He suggested tea.

5] « what about going to the cinema tomorrow ?» he said.

Indirect He suggested going to the cinema the next day.

6] « Why don't you ask him? »he said.

Indirect He suggested asking him -- or -- He advised me to ask him

7] « Could I have a cup of tea? » he said

Indirect He asked me for a cup of tea

8] « Could you live alone?» he said

Indirect He asked me if I could live alone

Finally, Don't forget:

say -----›› say says -----›› says said -----›› said

say to -----›› tell says to -----›› tells said to -----›› told

- إذا كان فعل القول ماضىومعة كلمة تدل على الوقت الجالى والكلام قد انتهى منذ فترة قصيرة ( حالا أو توا ) لا تتغير الأزمنة أو ظروف الزمان أو المكان.

مع التعبيرات التالية :

( now / just now / a moment ago / a minute ago / a short time ago / recently

Ex:

* He said just now " I will visit the zoo tomorrow. " ( He said just now that )

----» He said just now that he will visit the zoo tomorrow.

- إذا كانت الجملة تدل على عادة متكررة لا تتغير الأزمنة أو ظروف المكان أو الزمان .

Ex:

* He said " I go to school everyday at 7 o'clock. "

----» He said that he goes to school every day at 7 o'clock.

@ Choose the correct answer:

1- Ahmed says that he (went-gone-goes-had gone) to Alex every year.

2- He (told-said-asked-ordered) he was living with his uncle.

3- He said that he (had written-would write-is writing-was writing) a letter then.

4- He told me that he (will reach-would reach-reached-had reached) Cairo the following week.

5- Mohamed (said-told-asked-spoke) he had never been to Luxor.

6- He said that he (attended-was attending-had attended-has attended) the meeting the day before.

7- He said that he (would see-has seen-had seen-was seen) a new film on TV the night before.

8- He told me that he (will visit-would visit-is visiting-visited) me the next day.

9- He said just now that he (bought-has bought-would buy-will buy) a new car next month.

10-He said that he (doesn't go-wouldn't go-hadn't gone-won't go ) to school the previous day

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :

1.He says , " I'm pleased to get the prize " ( He says that )

2.He said , " I shall meet him at six o'clock . "( He said that )

3.He said to me , " stop when the light is red . " ( He told me )

4.She said to her sister, " Don't play in the street "( not to )

5.He asked me when I arrived . ( He said to me )

6.He advised me not to work for a late hour .( don't )

7.The teacher said , " Don't write the questions . "( not to )

8.Mother said to me, " Don't be late . "( not to )

9." Leave me a lone, " said Mona to her friends .( to leave )

10.He said to the pupils, " Don't leave before you finish "( He told the pupils )

11.She said to me , " Don't write your name on the box . "( She told me )

12." I'm going to travel to ِAmerica . "( He told me )

13.He said, " I went to the cinema last Monday . "( He told me )

14.She said to me, " I'll buy a new car next month." ( She told me )

15.Ahmed said to Ali, " I have won the prize last week."( Ahmed told Ali )

Write what you would say in each of the following situations :

1- You invite your uncle to come to your birthday party .

2. You agree with your friend to watch a football match on TV .

3. Your friend invites you to visit him on his farm, but you refuse the invitation . Say why

4. Your brother wants you to play a computer game with him , but you are busy You invite your sister to go to the cinema.

5. You refuse your friend’s invitation to her birthday party.

6- You accept your friend’s invitation to her wedding party.

-Read and correct the underlined words :

- Read the following passage , then answer the questions :

Science has told us so much about the moon that it is easy to know a lot of things about it_. The moon is not a friendly place . As there is no air or water , there can be no life of any kind . For mile after mile there are many big mountains. Above , the sun and stars shine in a black sky . If you move away from the mountain shadows , it will mean moving from very low temperatures into great heat. These temperatures break rocks away from the surface of the mountains . The moon is also a very silent world because sounds can only travel through air . From this distance , the earth is shining more than the stars . It looks like a big ball , coloured blue , green and brown .

A ) Answer the following questions :

1 - Is there any life on the moon ?

2 - Why is the moon a silent world ?

3 - What does the earth look like from the moon ?

B) - Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d .

There are many big ........................... on the moon .

a) mountains b) countries c) houses d) farms

5 - The underlined word "it" refers to ................

a) the sun b) the earth c) the star d) the moon

Above the moon , the sun and stars shine in a ................. sky .

a) blue b) black c) green d) brown

تبدأ العبارات الموصولة بإحدى ضمائر الوصل

(who / whom / which / that / whose / where / when)

Œ Who = that تحل محل الفاعل العاقل ويأتي بعدها الفعل ((الذي- التي --- -للعاقل) w- That is the doctor. He cured your father.