CATEGORIES:
BiologyChemistryConstructionCultureEcologyEconomyElectronicsFinanceGeographyHistoryInformaticsLawMathematicsMechanicsMedicineOtherPedagogyPhilosophyPhysicsPolicyPsychologySociologySportTourism
FORMATION OF ADVERBS
| Adjective | Adverb | |
| Adjective + -ly | serious | seriously |
| Adjectives in –le drop the –e and take -y | gentle | gently |
| Adjectives in consonant + y drop the –y and take -ily | happy | happily |
| Adjectives in –l take -ly | awful | awfully |
| Adjectives in –ic take -ally | dramatic | dramatically (but: public-publicly) |
| Adjectives in –e take -ly | polite | politely (but: true-truly) |
| Adjectives in –ly use the words way/manner | elderly, cowardly, friendly, likely, deadly, lively, lonely, silly, ugly, lovely, etc. | in a friendly way/manner in a cowardly way/manner |
| Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives | hard, fast, free, high, low, deep, early, late, long, near, straight, right, wrong, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly | hard, fast, free, high, low, deep, early, late, long, near, straight, right, wrong, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly |
| deeply(=very), freely(=without limit), highly(=very much), lately(=recently), mostly(=mainly), nearly(=almost), hardly(=almost never) |
COMPARISON OF QUALITATIVE ADVERBS
| Base Form | Comparative | Superlative |
| Adverbs which have the same form as the adjectives take –er in the comparative and –est in the superlative | ||
| hard friendly | harder in a friendlier way/manner | hardest in a friendliestway/manner |
| Adverbs formed by adding -ly to the adjectives take more in the comparative and most in the superlative | ||
| comfortably | morecomfortably | mostcomfortably |
IRREGULAR FORMS
| Base Form | Comparative | Superlative |
| well badly many, much, a lot of little far late near | better worse more less farther (further) later (the latter) nearer | best worst most least farthest (furthest) the latest (last) the nearest (next) |
FAIRY – QUITE – RATHER – PRETTY
| a/an + fairly | This is a fairly good CD, but it’s not the best they’ve made. |
| quite + a/an (enough) | This is quite a good CD. You ought to buy it. |
| quite + adjectives (=completely, totally) | I’m quite certain about this. |
| rather + a/an, a/an + rather (=more than usual, wanted, etc.) | I expected the book to be boring, but it was rather interesting. |
| rather + comparative form/too | She spends rather too much money on clothes. |
| a/an + pretty (=usually in everyday English) | He had a pretty nasty accident the other day. |
NUMERALS
| Cardinal | Ordinal | Cardinal | Ordinal | |||
| one | the first | sixteen | the sixteenth | |||
| two | the second | seventeen | the seventeenth | |||
| three | the third | eighteen | the eighteenth | |||
| four | the fourth | nineteen | the nineteenth | |||
| five | the fifth | twenty | the twentieth | |||
| six | the sixth | thirty | the thirtieth | |||
| seven | the seventh | forty | the fortieth | |||
| eight | the eighth | fifty | the fiftieth | |||
| nine | the ninth | sixty | the sixtieth | |||
| ten | the tenth | seventy | the seventieth | |||
| eleven | the eleventh | eighty | the eightieth | |||
| twelve | the twelfth | ninety | the ninetieth | |||
| thirteen | the thirteenth | a (one) hundred | the hundredth | |||
| fourteen | the fourteenth | 1,000 | a (one) thousand | the thousandth | ||
| fifteen | the fifteenth | 1,000,000 | a (one) million | the millionth |
FUNCTIONS OF THE NUMERALS IN THE SENTENCE
| Subject | Three were absent from the lecture. |
| Object | How many books have you taken? – I’ve taken three. |
| Attribute | The second lesson begins at eleven o’clock. |
| Nominal Part of the Predicate | Five times five is twenty-five. |
DATES
| seven hundred (and) thirty-one | |
| nineteen hundred | |
| nineteen [ou] four | |
| two thousand | |
| two thousand nine | |
| 15th, May 1948 May 15th, 1948 May 15, 1948 | The fifteenth of May, nineteen forty-eight. May the fifteenth, nineteen forty-eight. |
Date: 2015-12-24; view: 801
| <== previous page | | | next page ==> |
| THE GENDER OF NOUNS | | | HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN ART |