General provisions for separation of controlled traffic.

Vertical or horizontal separation shall be provided:

a. between all flights in Class A and B airspaces;

b. between IFR flights in Class C, D and E airspaces;

c. between IFR flights and VFR flights in Class C airspace;

d. between IFR flights and special VFR flights; and

e. between special VFR flights, when so prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority;

except, for the cases under b) above in airspace Classes D and E, during the hours of daylight when flights have been cleared to climb or descend subject to maintaining own separation and remaining in visual meteorological conditions.

No clearance shall be given to execute any manoeuvre that would reduce the spacing between two aircraft to less than the separation minimum applicable in the circumstances.

Larger separation than the specified minima should be applied whenever exceptional circumstances such as unlawful interference or navigational difficulties cal for extra precautions.

11.2 Separation between aircraft using single (the same) RW.

There are three types of aircraft:

· heavy aircraft (H) - > 136 tones;

· middle aircraft (M) – 7-136 tones:

· light aircraft (L) - < 7 tones.

There are several kinds of separation between aircraft using the same runway:

· between arriving aircraft and between arriving and departing aircraft longitudinal separation is used:

- H-H (heavy after heavy) – 8km;

- M-H and L-M – 10km;

- L-H – 12km;

- L-L – 6km.

In all other cases – 6 km.

· Between departing aircraft time separation is used:

- H-H – 1 min;

- M-H and L-M – 2 min;

- L-H – 3 min;

- L-L – 1 min.

In all other cases 1 min.

In case when ‘M’ aircraft is going to depart after ‘H’ aircraft not from the beginning of the runway separation has to be 3 minutes also. Wake turbulence categories of aircraft and longitudinal separation minima shall be taken into consideration. Wake turbulence separation minima are based on aircraft types into three categories according to the maximum certificated takeoff mass as follows: H, M, L.
12.2 Minima separation when Aerodrome Control Service provided.