History of the World Wide Web

As inventors of a world wide web are considered Tim Berners - Whether and to a lesser extent, Robert Cayo. Tim Berners – Whether is the author of the HTTP, URI/URL and HTML technologies. In 1980 it worked in the Council of Europe on nuclear research esadviser for the software. Exactly there, in Geneva (Switzerland), he for own needs wrote the Enkvayr program (English «Enquire», is possible is free to translate as «Investigator») which used casual associations for data storage and put a conceptual basis for the World Wide Web.

In 1989, working in CERN over an internal network of the organization, Tim Berners-Whether offered the global hypertext project now known as the World Wide Web. The project meant the publication of the hypertext documents connected among themselves by hyperlinks that would facilitate search and information consolidation for scientific CERN. For project implementation by Tim Berners-Whether (together with his assistants) URI identifiers, the HTTP protocol and the HTML language were invented. These are technologies without which already it is impossible for itself to present the modern Internet. During the period from 1991 to 1993 Berners – Whether improved technical specifications of these standards and published them. But, nevertheless, officially it is necessary to consider as year of birth of the World Wide Web 1989.

Within the project Berners – Whether wrote the first-ever http web server and the first-ever hypertext web browser which was called as «Worldwide Web». This browser was at the same time and the WYSIWYG-editor (abbr. from English What You See Is What You Get – that you see, you will receive), its development was begun in October, 1990, and finished in December of the same year. The program worked in the NeXTStep environment and started to extend on the Internet in the summer of 1991.

Berners-Whether created the first-ever website to the address http://info.cern.ch/, now the site is stored in archive. This site appeared online on the Internet on August 6, 1991. On this site it was described that such the World Wide Web how to establish the web server how to use the browser, etc. This site also was the first-ever Internet catalog because later Tim Berners-Whether placed and supported there the list of references to other sites.

In the first photo in the World Wide Web the parody filk-group Les Horrible Cernettes was represented. Tim Bernes-Whether asked their scanned pictures for the leader of group after CERN Hardronic Festival.

And still theoretical bases of a web were put much earlier Berners-Whether. In 1945 Vannaver Bush developed «Memex» concept – supportive mechanical applications «expansions of human memory». Memex is a device in which the person stores all the books and records (and in an ideal – and all the knowledge which is giving in to the formal description) and which issues the necessary information with sufficient speed and flexibility. It is expansion and addition of memory of the person. Bush also predicted comprehensive indexing of texts and multimedia resources with possibility of fast search of necessary information. Hypertext creation (the term is entered by Ted Nelson in 1965) was the following considerable step on a way to the World Wide Web.

Since 1994 the main work on development of the World Wide Web was assumed by a consortium of the World Wide Web (English World Wide Web Consortium, WWW), based and still headed by Tim Berners-Whether. This consortium – the organization developing and introducing technological standards for the Internet and the World Wide Web. WWW mission: «Completely to open potential of the World wide web by creation of protocols and the principles guaranteeing long-term development of the Network». Two other major problems of a consortium – to provide full «Network internationalization» and to make the Network available to people with limited possibilities.

WWW develops for the Internet uniform principles and standards (called by «recommendations», WWW Recommendations), which then take root producers of programs and the equipment. Thus compatibility between software products and equipment of the various companies that does World Wide network more perfect, universal and convenient is reached. All recommendations of a consortium of the World Wide Web are open, that aren’t protected by patents and can take root any person without any financial assignments to a consortium.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 2278