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Applications of radiation chemistryRadiation chemistry is a branch of chemistry (some say physical chemistry) that studies chemical transformations in materials _____________ (1) to high-energy radiations. Radiation chemistry does not deal with radioactive elements (as radiochemistry does), except to use them as a source of radiation, always physically separated from the irradiated system. Practical applications of radiation chemistry have become_____________ (2), particularly in industry. One specific area of interest has been in radiation modification of polymers for different uses. Radiation ____________ (3) of polymers is commercially used in the wire and cable industry to improve high temperature performances of _____________ (4) materials as well as in the rubber tire industry. Heat-____________ (5) products (film, tape, tubing, connectors) are most easily made using radiation. Radiation curing is based on radiation-_____________ (6) polymerization. It produces superior quality products, as compared with thermal and ultraviolet curing, while reducing or eliminating environmental pollution, and lowering overall costs. It is used for surface coating, curing of____________ (7), laminates, and printing, for example. New emerging applications include radiation treatment of _____________ (8) gases from coal- and oil-fired power plants to remove toxic components, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide, for purposes of environmental protection. Treated products can be converted into agricultural______________ (9).
Exercise 5. Choose the correct word:
The fission within a nuclear reactor is started by a neutron-____________ (4) source and is stopped by positioning the control rods to absorb virtually all of the neutrons produced in the reaction. The reactor core ____________ (5) a reflector that acts to reflect neutrons back into the core where they will react with the fuel rods. A coolant, usually water, circulates through the reactor core to _____________ (6) the heat generated by the nuclear fission reaction. The hot coolant heats water that is used to power stream-____________ (7) turbines which produce electrical power.
Date: 2015-12-18; view: 1394 |