Present, past and perfect tenses

Exercise 117 (Negatives are given in their contracted form, affirmatives are not given in their contracted form, but in speech present continuous tenses are normally contracted in the affirmative.)

1 are you going; am going, do you want 2 do you smoke; I don't smoke, smokes, I do; spends 3 sees; are you waiting; am waiting 4 you usually go; belongs, wants; is using 5 go; takes, passes; is working, am queueing 6 Are you coming, are you waiting; think, wait, are, looks 7 are waiting; is dialling; Do you know; phones 8 does he come; comes; speaks 9 wonder, is speaking; comes, suppose, is speaking 10 are having; are opening; writes; get; have you (got) II says, is coming, wants 12 Do you have/Have you got; don't think; don't see; does a traffic warden do 13 walks, stays, parks, sticks 14 is putting; sees; hates
15 want; are just closing; we always close, doesn't want 16 is listening, is reading, is doing, is writing 17 reads; knits, isn't knitting 18 goes, doesn't go; likes; prefers 19 are watching; are enjoying, don't understand 20 happens; Does the teacher give; gives, shows, discusses 21 gets; sits, stands, walks, runs 22 is that man standing; is trying, is waiting; doesn't he use/isn't he using; don't bother; prefer 23 are wearing; Do you like; suits, doesn't fit 24 speak, come 25 is taking, is coming 26 talk; prefer; are talking; aren't talking 27 are having; am meeting; Do you go 28 go, am going; takes, costs 29 Are you doing; am packing, am catching; are you staying 30 Are you going; I am staying; are coming; Do you invite; invite 31 am just going; is pouring; don't you wait; stops 32 gets, washes, shaves, gets, don't hear; hear, makes 33 gets; makes, wakes; sings, bangs, drops, plays

34 don't you ask; mention, doesn't do; says, doesn't make, think, believes 35 Do you see;
keeps; Do you think, is asking; expect, is making; do you make; stop, ask, write 36 starts, stays; moves; takes, does, wishes

Exercise 118 1 writes, know, is doing: Does your son write; hear; seems 2 cost; Do you think; depends 3 am seeing; am changing; are always changing; don't you leave 4 look/are looking, are you thinking, am thinking; are only just starting; know, am reading, says, starts 5 is always knocking on my door and asking; does she do; puts; don't mind, annoys, knows, needs, takes 6 does she do, runs out; borrows, takes, wants, finds 7 does she owe; don't know, don't keep; is leaving, is getting; am trying 8 don't you offer; sounds; doesn't realize, owes 9 says, owe, seem, owes, remember 10 don't think, is enjoying; keeps, is
enjoying; enjoys; know, wants, is expecting/expects II are you staying; am leaving; am going 12 are you coming, are you going; depends; agrees; expect 13 is seeing; don't you come 14 Do you see; is watching; do you know, is watching; comes, goes, makes 15 are all these people doing, are they wearing; they are making; are working 16 sounds; Do you think; don't know, see, finish, are still taking on 17 Is Ann acting; doesn't act; imagine, knows 18 lives, come, see; doesn't bother, climbs, knocks 19 are moving; are you leaving; suits; know, does, is/are pulling down; are widening; say 20 ask, likes, says, don't know, thinks, suits, is merely being 21 want; tells, says, thinks 22 Does your sister's frankness annoy; does; doesn't want; wants 23 hear; am not living; are still working, is taking

24 think, take, expects; are they doing; are putting; seem, smoke, slows 25 are always hammering; keeps, begins, hear: shakes 26 is stirring, is standing: says, are boiling; don't think, matters, cook, don't know, isn't getting; thickens 27 is being painted, isn't looking; Do they stop; are having 28 does the word 'Establishment' mean; doesn't give; means, have 29 say, belongs, imply, accepts; isn't trying/doesn't try 30 Do all rich men belong; do, are always jeering/always jeer; is used 31 is being pulled; are using; go, get 32 smell; do; think, is coming; is probably ironing; irons, watches, gets, forgets, is pressing; is thinking
33 are you looking; am looking; am always looking, puts; put; don't you try 34 are travelling; is reading, is doing, is looking out; stops, falls 35 spends; amuses; is watching, sees 36 does; checks; doesn't need; happens, makes; makes

Exercise 1191 decided 2 chose 3 looked, were getting, was mixing, was washing

4 were, asked, was doing 5 replied, was going, went, knew, were looking 6 began, found, were 7 were waiting/waited, remembered, had 8 started, was telephoning, did, came

9 grumbled, was always telephoning 10 retorted, was always complaining 11 worked

12 started/were starting, rang 13 was, wanted, was playing 14 stayed, went 15 left

16 returned, came, wasted 17 said 18 thought 19 was just climbing, rang 20 said, was getting, went, opened 21 was, was coming, arriving

Exercise 1201 was walking, realized, was following 2 walked, turned, stopped

3 appeared, stopped 4 went 5 stopped, stopped, looked, was 6 looked, was wearing/wore, wondered 7 decided 8 was standing 9 came, rang, moved off/was moving off, jumped

10 missed, got, was following/followed 11 crawled 12 pulled, looked, was getting/got
13 changed, got 14 left, bought 15 was standing, came 16 was carrying, got, sat, read

17 looked, was getting/got 18 was becoming/became, went, sat, asked, was following

19 said, wasn't following, threatened, admitted 20 told, was, was trying 21 told,
advised, didn't want, was being followed

Exercise 121 1 was sitting, saw; seemed 2 was snowing, woke; remembered, was coming, decided, lost 3 reached, realized, did not know; was wondering, tapped 4 was running/ran, struck 5 looked; was going; was drawing 6 were listening, were whispering, was reading;
hated, read 7 was reading, burst, rushed 8 went, didn't find; said, didn't know, was doing, thought, was probably playing 9 stopped/used to stop; closed, gave 10 promised, saw, was telling 11 picked, dialled; found; were planning 12 met; were; was studying, wasn't, spent 13 was just starting, opened, leapt 14 were you doing, said; was cleaning 15 looked,
said, was leaving the district and (was) going; said, was, was going, told, was getting/got on 16 were building, was 17 were reading, were just turning over: was knitting, was playing; opened, said 18 was; were they doing; heard, were looking; Did they find; discovered 19 told, made; was just pulling 20 was just sticking, came; tried, refused 21 took; Was she actually working 22 said, was coming, wondered 23 was wondering,
came, bought 24 was always borrowing, asked, said, hadn't, knew, wanted 25 went, had, was being; turned, saw 26 bumped, asked, said, was having 27 attacked, was putting; thrust, tore; contained; patched 28 did you break; fell, was putting, was, was, was going 29 didn't go; cancelled, spent 30 was just rising, shouted; looked 31 was raining,
played/were playing; was trying, didn't get/wasn't getting on, kept 32 were you doing, rang; was making; did you do, heard, went; opened, was 33 rang, found, said, was making 34 Was, rang; answered, was talking, saw; went 35 didn't get, were having/had; rang up, said, were making; pointed out, was, had; said, were always having 36 were you
doing/did you do, got; was working/worked; did you stay, stayed; left, were always going; became/was becoming

Exercise 122 Part 11 I haven't played for ten years. 2 I haven't sung since I came

3 I haven't milked one since 4 I haven't put one up since 5 I haven't made one for

6 I haven't read any since 7 I haven't bathed a baby for 8 I haven't repaired one since

9 I haven't skiied since 10 I haven't read one for II I haven't made one since 12 I haven't sewn any on since 13 I haven't driven (one) for 14 I haven't taken a temperature for

15 I haven't ridden one since 16 I haven't rowed since 171 haven't painted/done any painting for 18 I haven't typed for

Part 2 19 I haven't had a puncture for 20 He hasn't earned any money for 21 He hasn't shaved since 22 I haven't drunk champagne since 23 I haven't been in Rome for

24 I haven't seen Tom since 25 I haven't eaten raw fish since 26 Mary hasn't spoken French for years 27 I haven't had a good night's sleep for 28 He hasn't paid taxes since
29 I haven't eaten meat for 30 The windows haven't been cleaned for 31 I haven't taken any photographs for years. 32 I haven't watched TV since 33 He hasn't written to me for 34 I haven't been paid for 35 I haven't been abroad since 36 That house hasn't been lived in for

Exercise 123 1 have played/have been playing; Have you played, came; have played; joined, arrived 2 Have you played; have played; have had, have won, didn't really deserve 3 played, was, left, dropped, took 4 haven't seen; have you been; I've been; meant, hadn't/didn't have; Did you have/Had you, were; was; have only just got; enjoyed; skiied, danced 5 skiied, was, broke, haven't done 6 came, was; has been built, has become 7 hasn't started; has he been, has been, spent 8 have just heard; didn't you know; flew; Have you heard; got; told; didn't say, liked; has only been 9 didn't know, were; exploded, burnt

10 has been; used, rode, have had 11 made; has he been; we have only had; resigned, was
12 has left; left; Has anybody been appointed; have applied/applied, has been decided

13 Did you have/Have you had; was, have ever had, took; thought, was, searched, announced, was; took off 14 did you spend; took, fed, walked, bought, didn't need; passed 15 Have you booked; wrote, haven't answered 16 didn't know you were; have been; arrived 17 met, said; made, found, needed, seemed 18 Did you know, arrived; didn't
know 19 have you learnt/been learning; have been learning 20 began, did; dropped, forgot; spent, studied, have been studying/have studied 21 rang, said; spent, couldn't/wasn't able to, rang; haven't seen, said; went, haven't come; went 22 have just had; did it go; did you enjoy; didn't actually hit, made 23 sold, bought, left; arrived; wasn't, said; hasn't been taken 24 saw; thought, worked, said; worked, explained, went, told; gave: have worked

25 Have you been; went; were; Did you go; went; hired 26 have you been, came; have been 27 have seen; did you go; went; took 28 Did you see, were; saw; walked, asked, had, said, has just returned 29 Have you been; have been: haven't been 30 Have ; you seen; went, saw; Did you like; loved, didn't understand 31 has just died; knew; worked; didn't see, left, kept 32 thought, was, turned; shouted; said, didn't know, were 33 Hasn't Tom come; came; went; didn't hear 34 has just given; have just touched, didn't feel 35 came;
went; looked; coughed, spun: exclaimed, didn't see 36 you have just agreed; didn't realize, wanted

Exercise 124 1 bought, haven't sold 2 was, began; ran, made 3 caught, didn't get in, arrived 4 looked up, came: have been, growled 5 rang, said; said, haven't had; didn't you tell 6 met, said, didn't see; Did you miss: didn't miss, replied; haven't missed; gave 7 went; worked, went 8 has been; did she go; went 9 bought, asked; told, have waited/been
waiting, hasn't come 10 met, offered; said; have just had 11 arrived, landed, climbed out; recognized; exclaimed; didn't know, knew; have only just learnt, said; went 12 tried, heard, called out; have you been; has been 13 Have you been; went; Did you like; didn't see; was 14 have just bought; Have you read: haven't read; haven't even seen 15 Have you
been; was; did you get; took 16 Have you seen; rang, got; has been; flew, decided; Have you heard; got, arrived 17 have you been; have been; did you do/were you doing; worked/was working 18 did you work; worked; Did you like; didn't like; did you stay

19 was, stayed, played; did you play; played; lost 20 did you begin; began, was; went; stayed, went 21 was, started; did you get; haven't got; have only been 22 left; rang;
answered; said; has just gone, said 23 Have you been; was; Did you go; hitch-hiked

24 haven't seen; has been ill; collapsed, was taken; sent, hasn't come 25 was; Did you see; took, was, said, needed; haven't been able, haven't watched 26 Have you ever been; spent; went, met, wanted, didn't get 27 said; said; hasn't come; rang, were; said; got; didn't come
28 dictated, told; rang; Have you finished, asked; said, have done, haven't started 29 Have you found out; rang, answered, didn't seem; said; has been 30 said, Has Jack moved; said, didn't see; wasn't 31 have you been; have been; bought/have bought; found, got 32 have played, came; has been, inherited; Did you ever play; played, died, arrived 33 Have you
seen; left; put 34 Have you met; met; did you talk; talked 35 did, bought, has made; have always done, have always found 36 had; have had, got; told, were; has been, have changed

Exercise 125 I have been telephoning; Haven't you nearly finished; haven't got; have been trying, has been 2 has failed; has been practising, has got 3 have often wondered; have just found out 4 has been playing; has only just stopped 5 haven't you brought; Haven't you typed 6 Have you been sunbathing; has been raining/ has rained 7 have been building;
have been watching/have watched 8 haven't found, has been; has been helping 9 have pulled down, haven't touched 10 have searched/have been searching, haven't seen 11 have been waiting, have waited 12 has been; has been looking, hasn't found 13 have been doing, haven't finished; have done 14 have just picked; have grown/have been growing, have never had 15 have you been doing; have been using 16 has just sold; have been painting, haven't sold 17 has this happened; have had, have thrown 18 have you done: has just gone; has finished 19 has worked/has been working, has never once been; have/has just presented 20 have been mending/have mended, have only done, has broken down 21 has collected/has been collecting; has collected 22 have been looking, have completely forgotten; has happened 23 has been getting/has got, has been rising/has risen; has come 24 has eaten, has lost count, has attended; Has he put on 25 have been ringing up; has gone; has been working; has found out 26 has been using; haven't been 27 have been
standing; hasn't moved; has just shut . . . and gone off 28 has/have been considering; have just given, have decided 29 have been playing, haven't played 30 have been, haven't got

31 has been standing; has already gone 32 has happened; have been waiting/have waited; has often kept, has never been 33 has been living/has lived, has never said 34 have just
remembered, haven't paid; hasn't rung; have been; have paid; has lost 35 have been shopping/have shopped; has been losing/has lost, have made, have been told, have known 36 have you been doing; have been looking; have been building

Exercise 126 1 gave, thanked, said, had enjoyed, knew, hadn't read, were 2 had seen, returned, didn't have/hadn't 3 didn't have, had already done, was 4 didn't have, did, left

5 had, was; decided 6 picked, went, slammed 7 felt, had reminded 8 had searched and found, remembered, was 9 had left 10 remembered, were 11 arrived; had been told, was,
was 12 asked, said, hadn't been 13 wanted, had come 14 told 15 admitted, never bought/had never bought, assured, sold, wasn't 16 returned, saw, had broken in, was, was 17 were, had only just left 18 Probably they (had) heard/They (had) probably heard, had run/ran 19 had helped, was, poured 20 wondered, had found, hoped 21 had been
given, had died 22 hadn't had, hadn't liked 23 seemed, had taken 24 put, took, had forgotten/forgot, had put 25 came, said, had just swallowed 26 thought, left, was, arrived, learnt, had just left 27 found, had been using/had used 28 parked, rushed; came, was

29 wondered, had stolen, had driven 30 was, was, had been working/had worked 31 was, had had 32 brought, hadn't come 33 kept, had seen 34 looked, went, saw 35 got up, was, wondered, had stayed, had gone away and come back 36 opened, saw 37 had clearly been listening, wondered, had heard 38 asked, had been doing/was doing, said, had dropped, had been looking for/was looking for 39 didn't see, found, had probably dropped, opened 40 had been taking 41 were, turned, asked 42 pulled, ran off 43 (had) recovered, had disappeared 44 moved, found, had been standing 45 had been telling/was telling

Exercise 127 1 Where did they go? 2 How long does it take to get there? 3 What did you think of it? 4 How much does he earn? 5 How I much was Tom fined? 6 How big is your room? or What size is your room? 7 When did they leave?/How long ago did they leave?

8 How did they come? 9 How long have you been here? 10 Where did the students go?

11 How many miles to the gallon does the car do/What does it do to the gallon? 12 Where did he meet her? 13 What did the neighbours complain about? 14 What did the clerk make him do? 15 Who ate the apples? 16 How did he get in? 17 Who bought the tickets?

18 What were the roads like? 19 How many cigarettes do you smoke a day? 20 What was the hotel like? 21 How far away is the market? 22 How long have you had that cough?

23 What did Guy Fawkes try to do? 24 Who would you like to speak to? 25 Whose is this? 26 How did he stop the train? 27 How long have you been waiting? 28 Where did Mary put it? 29 Why did you throw it away? 30 How many hotels are there in the town? 31 Where did they leave the lawnmower? 32 How did you find her address? 33 What did Ann give you for lunch? 34 How deep is the lake? 35 Whose car did you borrow?

36 What did he do with it?

Exercise 128 1 What did he tell you? 2 What is the bridge built of? 3 Where are you all going to? or What are you all going to do? 4 How did he break his leg? 5 How or Why did Tom lose his job? 6 Which did you buy? 7 What is the new theatre like? or What does it look like? 8 How many would you like? 9 When did the concert begin? 10 Who did she go to the dance with? 11 Why did he buy a car? 12 When is he coming? 13 Which (one) is longer? 14 Who taught you to play poker? 15 What has she broken? 16 What are you looking for? 17 Whose typewriter has he borrowed? 18 What was she asking him for?

19 Who is he ringing up? 20 What does the word 'boss' mean? 21 How did he escape?
22 Who were you talking about? 23 Whose idea did they like best? 24 Who did he complain to? 25 How big was it? 26 What do the students intend to do? 27 Where do you come from? 28 How much does the best kind cost? 29 Why did he give it away? 30 What is his sister like? 31 What's this knife for? 32 What do you have to do in the mornings?

33 Which one do you like best? 34 How often does he come to London? 35 Who told you about it? 36 What is he like?

Exercise 129 Part 11 have just heard, would/should like 2 Do you think, could or would be able to 3 had, remember, said, was or had been, (had) got 4 can/could, can/could, suits/would suit 5 has, will/would bring 6 isn't, do not hesitate 7 are, will take him if I ask/would take him if I asked 8 has been/was, seemed

Part 29 am/was, am, are going 10 will be II will look 12 enjoyed, missed, left/had left, looked 13 will be 14 Will you/Would you/Could you bring, doesn't suit 15 Don't bother, have 16 you'll have, bring, you'll have/you'll have had

Part 3 17 Do you by any chance know 18 should/would like, have just heard, would exactly suit, doesn't apply, won't get 19 saw, was just leaving/had just left 20 said, was going, promised, (had) found 21 have heard, don't even know, went 22 know, should/would be, would phone 23 have tried, doesn't seem

Part 4 24 am, advertised, are coming/shall be coming, (shall) require 25 Would you please/Could you please tell me 26 should/would like 27 Would I be able/Could 1

28 hopes/is hoping, don't drive, won't be/wouldn't be, need/shall need/should need 29 Do the local shops still deliver; know, did 30 should/would be, would tell, calls 31 ask/are

asking, sounds; would you like/do you like 32 have been, lived, want 33 is also writing, would like, painted 34 has known, lived, am, would/will recommend 35 should/would of course be or am of course willing 36 should/would be, enclose

Exercise 130 Part 1 1 wrote, asking or to ask or and asked 2 replied, enclosing, filled up, returned 3 have heard, am beginning/begin, has gone 4 Would/Could you please check, have received 5 have received/did receive/received, haven't decided, should/would be, would tell 6 has already been, should/would like, don't get, shall/will have to, do, shall/will have or have

Part 2 7 have suffered/have been suffering, leave/are leaving 8 stand, laughing, calling

9 get, bang/banging, reverse 10 sounds, finds, has had, is still learning, don't know, (do) know, takes, roaring, shouting 11 have gone, have all been, find 12 should/would be, would ask, could

Part 3 13 Are you/Would you be 14 is coming, is bringing or is coming and bringing, or will be coming and bringing 15 haven't met, think, would/will like 16 will be able

17 receives, doesn't get, has asked 18 will probably ring, would be 19 know, don't usually eat, hope, won't be; can 20 passes, remember/will probably remember, will give

Exercise 131 Part 1 (Affirmative auxiliary verbs would usually be contracted in speech.)

1 Could 2 does 3 does, came, was, did, is, will/would do 4 do you want 5 should/would like 6 Would Thursday at 4.00 suit 7 wouldn't; is coming 8 would be able to/could do
9 would/will be 10 will/shall expect

Part 2 II Could 12 Speaking 13 have you been; have been trying; Don't you leave 14 do, went, have only just got in; is; didn't know, were 15 arrived; would have rung, have been; has only just ended; Are you doing 16 am going 17 is; am 18 am; had told, would have kept 19 didn't know, dashed, told 20 did 21 does, was driving, had, was taken; am doing; are you really going; can't/couldn't you 22 can't/couldn't; suppose, will/would be 23 will stay; will get over; would you like 24 I'd love; are you, will be, should/would hate 25 will
be: will ring, am staying: stayed, didn't seem 26 did you stay; will tell

15 Future forms

Conditionals

Exercise 139 1 find, will give 2 smoke, will/may object 3 put, will crack 4 see 5 wins, will get, comes, will get 6 feel 7 wants, will have 8 have finished 9 stands, will capsize 10 isn't working, will have 11 doesn't go 12 hear 13 will get 14 leaves, will be 15 freezes, will be 16 don't take, will have 17 takes, will have 18 don't feel/aren't feeling 19 brakes, will/may skid 20 like, will get 21 would like 22 growls 23 isn't working 24 don't know 25 refuses 26 won't/doesn't help 27 are going 28 do you employ 29 will be 30 hate, don't you change 31 don't want 32 hear 33 will see 34 rings/should ring 35 reach/should reach 36 would care, will send

Exercise 140 Part IDrill ('What'll happen if . . .' is normally replaceable by 'What'll you do if and vice versa. These are possible answers only.) 1 What'll you do if he doesn't pay you tonight? 2 What'll you do if you don't get a permit? 3 What'll you do if you don't pass? 4 What'll you do if he refuses? 5 What'll happen if he chooses Smith? 6 What'll you do if you can't find a cheap room? 7 What'll happen if it doesn't open? 8 What'll happen if I forget it? 9 What'll happen if they don't believe me? 10 What'll you call it if it's a boy?

11 What'll happen if we don't get a lift? 12 What'll happen if it isn't clear of fog? 13 What'll happen/How long will it take if he doesn't help us? 14 What'll happen if he isn't at home?/What'll we do if...? 15 What'll we do if the ice isn't thick enough? 16 What'll happen/What happens if you walk on them when the tide is coming in? 17 What'll we do if it's wet? 18 What'll we do if we (do) have another puncture?

Part 2 1 If you like I can get 2 If you like I'll ask 3 If you like I'll bring the photographs

4 If you like I'll give 5 If you like you can watch 6 If you like I'll arrange a helicopter trip

7 If you like I'll knit you one 8 If you like you can borrow 9 If you like I'll come 10 If you like I'll ask Ann 11 If you like I'll get you an application form 12 If you like I'll go with you 13 If you like I'll paint 14 If you like you can leave 15 If you like we'll postpone 16 If you like I'll ask him 17 If you like I'll arrange for you to meet the President 18 If you like we'll go sailing

Exercise 141 (First personwould is normally replaceable byshouldexcept in sentences 8, 9, 22.)

1 gave, would sell 2 woke, would have 3 went, would pine 4 went, would lose 5 said, would you do 6 worked, would finish 7 would happen, blew 8 saw, would climb; would not be, would climb 9 came, would call 10 threw, would have 11 asked, would he say

12 would be; would probably start 13 rang, would be 14 saw, would assume 15 would have, were/was 16 rushed, would get 17 bought, would lose 18 had, would bring 19 did, would not be 20 were/was, would still be 21 were/was, wouldn't be staying/wouldn't stay 22 had, would drink 23 drank, would soon get 24 were/was, would not be playing

25 would you go, did 26 kept, would not be running/would not run 27 was/were,
would not be sitting 28 heard, didn't you answer 29 typed, would be 30 had 31 had, would now be sitting 32 would be, would kindly sign 33 stopped, would all fly 34 would still be 35 was, didn't you change 36 won, would be writing/would write

Exercise 142 (The following are possible answers but not the only possible answers.)

1 If she wasn't/weren't so shy she would enjoy 2 If he took more exercise he would be healthier 3 If I had the right change we could 4 If they spoke English to her, her English would/might improve 5 If he worked overtime he would 6 If my number was/were in the directory people would ring 7 If the police were armed we would/might have gun battles

8 If the shops delivered, life would be easier/less difficult 9 If he wasn't/weren't so thin he mightn't feel/ If he was/were fatter, etc. 10 If we had matches we could light 11 If we had a steak we could cook it 12 If I wasn't/weren't so fat I could/would be able to 13 If I asked him he might help 14 If I could drive we could/would be able to take the car 15 If we had a ladder we could 16 If I were you I should/would sell it 17 If I had more time I'd read more 18 If they cleaned the windows the rooms would look brighter 19 If he polished his shoes he'd look smarter 20 If he paid his staff properly they might work better 21 If we had central heating the house would be warmer 22 If I had a dog I wouldn't mind being alone 23 If he didn't spend hours watching television he would have time 24 If I had a vacuum cleaner I'd be quicker 25 If I knew his address I could write 26 If he shaved he'd look more attractive 27 If you worked more slowly you wouldn't make 28 If I could park near my office I'd come by car 29 If I lived nearer the centre I wouldn't always be late 30 If I had a map I could direct 31 If people drove more slowly there wouldn't be 32 If English people spoke more slowly I might/might be able to understand 33 If my house
wasn't/weren't guarded by two Alsatian dogs it would be broken into 34 If the flats were clearly numbered it would be easier to find people 35 If you wiped your feet you wouldn't make muddy marks 36 If I didn't live near my office I'd spend a lot of time

Exercise 143 (Sometimeswould below is replaceable bymight or could.)

1 had not taken, wouldn't have got 2 had paid, wouldn't have been 3 had told, would have cooked 4 had had, would have been 5 had known, would have lent 6 hadn't had, would have fallen 7 had realized, wouldn't have accepted 8 hadn't taken 9 had been lit 10 hadn't rung 11 had waited, would have seen 12 wouldn't have been, hadn't knocked 13 had patented, would have made 14 had had, would have been 15 had told, would have agreed 16 had been, would have been able 17 had been, would have been launched 18 had known, wouldn't have thrown 19 had known, would have brought; would have enjoyed

20 would have attended 21 would have refused, had offered 22 wouldn't have known, hadn't told 23 had read, would have refused 24 had been playing, would certainly have heard 25 would you have done 26 hadn't rained, would have been 27 had been waiting

28 had used, would have lit 29 hadn't been wearing, should/would have recognized 30 had known, would have backed 31 had been, would have phoned 32 had turned 33 had played,
would have had 34 had booked, would have had 35 had been, would not have been 36 had held, would not have been

Exercise 144 (These are possible answers but not the only possible answers.)

1 If I had seen the signal I would have stopped 2 If I'd known your number I would have rung 3 If she had known you were in hospital she would have visited 4 If there had been taxis we would have taken one 5 If she hadn't been so shy she might have spoken 6 If she hadn't threatened to set fire to her flat I wouldn't have asked 7 If we'd had time we'd have visited 8 If the lift had been working I wouldn't have come up the stairs 9 If we had listened carefully we mightn't have made 10 If we hadn't got a lift we shouldn't/wouldn't have reached 11 If you hadn't washed it in boiling water it wouldn't have shrunk 12 If we hadn't been using an out-of-date timetable we shouldn't/wouldn't have missed 13 If his own men hadn't deserted him he wouldn't have failed 14 If they hadn't been driving so quickly the accident wouldn't have been 15 If it hadn't been raining I would have taken

16 If I'd known that in summer etc. I wouldn't have bought 17 If Tom's father hadn't been on the Board he wouldn't have got 18 If he'd been looking where he was going he
wouldn't have been run over 19 If I'd been brought up in the country I might like country life 20 If I'd known he was so quarrelsome I wouldn't/shouldn't have invited him 21 If it hadn't rained all the time he might have enjoyed his visit 22 If I'd worked hard at school I
would/should/might have got a good job 23 If they hadn't used closed-circuit television they wouldn't/mightn't have spotted 24 If he'd been wearing a shirt they wouldn't have asked him to leave 25 If the streets had been clearly marked it wouldn't have taken us so long 26 If we'd had enough money we would/should have gone by air 27 If you'd put your
hand up the bus would have stopped 28 If he hadn't turned up looking so disreputable they would have given him 29 If I'd known how thin the ice was I wouldn't/shouldn't have been walking 30 If he had taken the fight seriously from the beginning he might have won 31 If they hadn't paid the ransom at once they wouldn't have got 32 If he had read the passage
more slowly the candidates would have understood 33 If they'd been wearing life-jackets they mightn't have been drowned 34 If his wife had encouraged him he might have got

35 If the exit doors hadn't been blocked people would have been able to escape/could have escaped 36 They would have walked further if they hadn't been hampered by or But for the thick dust they would have walked further

Exercise 145 (First person would is normally replaceable by should.)

1 stays, will be/should be 2 didn't know, wouldn't/couldn't understand 3 hadn't got, would/might have come; wouldn't have been 4 knew, did you take 5 were not 6 had not been, would not have cheered 7 had not cheered, would not have run 8 had not run, would not have crashed, would not have been 9 returns/should return 10 why don't you sell/why not sell; had, would sell 11 didn't know, did you offer; would refuse 12 leaves, will/may steal 13 wore, would see 14 hadn't loved, would not have waited 15 had looked, would have been 16 start, will the village people resist 17 would you like 18 won't be able; can't, can't 19 would have been, had become 20 had gone, would be 21 had, would make
22 had known, would have brought 23 bathed, would be 24 stood, would all see, would be 25 were, would get 26 do, please remind/would you please remind 27 would have realized 28 had admitted, would not have been 29 had, would grow; would be 30 had known, would have stayed 31 had, would make 32 had told, would/could have gone
33 spend, won't have 34 hadn't been, mightn't have been 35 had, would get 36 would happen, had; would play, (would) miss, would fail, (would) have; would not feed, would get; would catch, (would) die, would have, would keep.

Exercise 146 Answers are not provided for these open-ended sentences, as the responses by individual students are likely to be varied.

Exercise 147

1 shall/will; will 2 will 3 Shall; will 4 will 5 Will 6 shan't/won't; shan't/won't; will; shall/will 7 will 8 shall 9 shall; won't 10 will 11 Shall; shall/will, won't 12 will 13 shan't 14 won't

15 shall, shall not 16 will; shall/will 17 Shall; will: will, won't 18 shall/will; will 19 shan't; will 20 shall; will 21 shan't/won't; will 22 Will; won't 23 shan't; will 24 shall

Exercise 148

1 should 2 should 3 would 4 Would 5 should 6 would 7 would 8 should/would 9 would 10 should 11 would 12 Would 13 should 14 should; would 15 Would; should 16 should
17 should 18 would 19 should 20 would 21 should 22 should 23 should 24 would

25 Would 26 should 27 should 28 should, should 29 should 30 would 31 would 32 would 33 should 34 would 35 should 36 should

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 1508