Some, any etc. and relatives

Exercise 101 I some 2 some, any 3 any, some 4 any 5 some, any 6 some, any 7 any, some 8 Some, some 9 any 10 any, any 11 Any 12 some/any 13 any, any 14 Some, some 15 any 16 some 17 any/some 18 any 19 any 20 Any 21 some 22 some, some 23 some 24 any

25 any, some/any 26 Any 27 any 28 some 29 some 30 some 31 any 32 some 33 any

34 some, some 35 any 36 some/any, some

Exercise 102 (In some of the answers the relative pronoun is enclosed in brackets; this means that it can be omitted. The answers given are not necessarily the only possible answers to the questions. Notice carefully the presence or absence of commas.)

I (a) The 8.10 is the train (which/that) Mr Black usually catches, (b) The 8.40 is the train (which/that) he caught today, (c) Mr White is a man who usually travels up with Mr Black, (d) Mr Brown is the man whose paper Mr White borrowed, (e) Mr Black usually catches the 8.10, which is a fast train, (f) Today he missed the 8.10, which annoyed him very much. (g) He caught the 8.40, which doesn't get in till 9.40.

2 (a) The brown umbrella was the one (which/that) Mr Penn left at home today or the one (which/that) he didn't take today, (b) The black umbrella was the one (which/that) he took or the one (which/that) he left on the bus. (c) The blue umbrella was the one (which/that) Mr Penn took by mistake, (d) Mr Count was the man whose umbrella Mr Penn took.

3 (a) Malta is the place Tom and Jack wanted to go to/went to or Malta is the place to which Tom and Jack wanted to go. (b) The Blue Skies Agency is the agency Tom went to or the agency to which Tom went. (c) The Blue Seas Agency is the agency Jack went to or the agency to which Jack went. (d) the MS Banana is the ship Jack travelled on/in or
the ship on/in which Jack travelled, (e) Julia is the girl (who(m)/that) Jack met on board. (0 Tom liked flying, so he went to the Blue Skies Agency, who booked or Tom, who liked flying, went etc. (g) Jack, who hated flying, went to the Blue Seas Agency, who booked

4 (a) George and Paul were (the) two men who were working on Mr Jones's roof. (b) Bill was a/the burglar who saw them going away or who stole the jewellery etc. (c) Tom was a student who lodged with Mr Jones, (d) Mrs Jones was the lady whose jewellery was stolen, (e) Mr and Mrs Smith were the people the Joneses were playing cards with or the
people with whom the Joneses were playing cards. (f) the ladder Bill climbed up or up which he climbed, (g) the window he climbed through or through which he climbed, (h) the screwdriver he used or the screwdriver he opened the drawer with or with which he opened etc. (i) George and Paul, who were working on the roof, left the ladder (j) Mr
and Mrs Jones, who were out playing cards, knew nothing (k) Bill, whose fingerprints were on the screwdriver, was later caught

5 (a) The Greens are the people Ann works for or for whom Ann works. (b) The 12.10 was the train (which/that) Ann caught or the train (that/which) Ann came up on. (c) The 12.30 was the train (which/that) Tom met. (d) Peter was a boy (who(m)/that) Ann met on the train. (e) Paul was the boy (who(m)/that) Mary had come to meet or the boy
(who(m)/that) Mary was waiting for. (f) The Intrepid Fox is the bar where Tom usually goes for lunch or the bar Tom usually goes to for lunch or the bar where Tom usually has his lunch, (g) Mrs Green, who thought Ann looked tired, gave her (h) Peter, who hated eating by himself, hoped (i) Tom, who had only an hour for lunch, couldn't wait (j) Mary, whose boyfriend didn't turn up, ended by (k) Tom and Ann wasted half an hour at the station, which meant (1) Tom and Ann very nearly missed one another, which shows

Exercise 103 (Relatives in brackets may be omitted.)
1 for the present (which/that) you sent. 2 She was dancing with a student who had or The student with whom she was dancing 3 I'm looking after some children who are or The children I'm looking after are 4 The bed I sleep on has 5 Romeo and Juliet were two lovers whose parents 6 There wasn't any directory in the box (which/that) I was phoning from.

7 This is Mrs Jones, whose son 8 The chair (which/that) I was sitting on collapsed or The chair on which I was sitting collapsed. 9 Mr Smith, whom I had come especially to see, was too busy 10 The man (who(m)/that) I had come to see was II I missed the train (which/that) I usually catch and had to travel on the next, which was 12 His girlfriend,
whom he trusted absolutely, turned out 13 The car (which/that) we were in had bad brakes and the man who was driving didn't know 14 This is the story of a man whose wife suddenly loses 15 the frontier, which will be 16 a small girl whose hand had been cut

17 into a queue of people, four of whom 18 refugees, many of whom 19 The man who(m)/that) I was waiting for didn't or the man for whom I was 20 in patched jeans,
which surprised the guests, most of whom were 21 The firm (which/that) I work for is sending 22 The Smiths, whose house had been destroyed, were given 23 I saw several houses, most of which were 24 at 2 a.m., which didn't suit me 25 a group of boys whose plane 26 The string (that/which) they tie the parcels up with 27 his students, most of whom were 28 for 12 eggs, four of which were 29 The people (who(m)/that) he was speaking to didn't know or The people to whom he was speaking 30 The boy (who(m)/that) Peter shared a flat with was or Peter shared a flat with a boy who 31 four very bad tyres, one of which burst 32 the wonderful view (which/that) she had been told about 33 by a man (who(m)/that) I met on a train. 34 The bar (which/that) I was telephoning from was or the bar from which I was telephoning was 35 The man who
answered the phone said 36 The horse (which/that) I was on kept stopping to eat grass, which annoyed

Exercise 104 1 Tom, who had been driving all day, was tired 2 Ann, who had been sleeping, felt 3 Paul, whose tyres were new, wanted 4 Jack, whose tyres were old, wanted 5 Mary, who didn't know about mountains, thought 6 to his manager, who passed 7 were thieves, which turned out 8 the Chief of Police, who ordered 9 dry bread, most of
which was 10 a prisoner, whose handcuffs rattled II a fire, which soon dried 12 across the Atlantic, which had never 13 a bus-load of children, six of whom were 14 refuses to use machines, which makes 15 I met Mary, who asked 16 prayed aloud all night, which kept 17 and in deep water the next, which makes it unsafe 18 Mary, whose children couldn't
swim, said 19 Ann, whose children could swim well, said 20 cleaning ten windows, most of which 21 Jack, whose injuries were very slight, is being allowed to play, which is a good thing 22 Tom, whose leg is still in bandages, will have to 23 didn't get a seat, which put him in a temper and caused him to be rude to his junior partner, who in turn 24 Tom,
who had a hangover, felt 25 His boss, who didn't drink, saw 26 The report, which should have been on his desk by 2.00, still hadn't arrived. 27 Tom, whose headache was now much worse, put down the receiver without answering, which 28 Ann, who liked Tom, came 29 the report, which should have taken an hour and a half, took 30 to Munich, which 31 The headwaiter, whose name was Tom, said . . . recognition, which
disappointed Mr Jones, who liked 32 with Lucy, whom he was particularly anxious to

Exercise 105 I what, which 2 which 3 what, what 4 which 5 which 6 what, which 7 which 8 what 9 which 10 which 11 which 12 which 13 what 14 what 15 which 16 which, what 17 which 18 what 19 what 20 which 21 which 22 what 23 which 24 which 25 which 26 which 27 what 28 which 29 what, which 30 which, which 31 which 32 which 33 what, which 34 which 35 what 36 what

Exercise 106 I whatever 2 wherever 3 whatever 4 wherever 5 whichever 6 whoever

7 whenever 8 however 9 whoever 10 whichever 11 whoever 12 however 13 whatever

14 however 15 whenever 16 whoever 17 whoever 18 however 19 whatever 20 whenever 21 whoever 22 whichever, whoever 23 whatever, whichever 24 whoever

Exercise 107 Part I1 a river to swim in 2 someone to play with 3 a family to cook for

4 accounts for you to check 5 anything to open it with 6 letters to write 7 anyone to go with 8 a garden for him to play in 9 anything to sit on 10 a brush to sweep it with I la box to keep them in 12 anyone to send cards to

Part 2 13 the first man to leave 14 the last person to see 15 the only one to realize 16 the only man to survive 17 the first to come and the last to go 18 the largest ship to be built 19 the last person to leave 20 the only person to see 21 the second man to be killed 22 the first man to walk on 23 the first woman to take 24 the fifth man to be interviewed

Prepositions

Exercise 108 I to; at; in; to 2 to; at, in 3 to, at; at; at 4 to; at, in 5 in; to 6 at, in 7 in; at

8 in, at; at 9 to; at 10 to, at; to II at, to, to 12 to, to, in 13 At, in, to 14 at, at; to, in 15 In, at 16 At, to, in 17 At, at 18 to, at, at; at, in 19 at, to, in, at, at 20 in 21 at, to; in; to, to

22 in; at 23 in, at, in 24 in, at 25 at; to, in 26 in, at 27 to, in 28 to, at, to; to 29 in, at 30 in, at 31 in, at 32 at, to, in 33 in, to 34 To, in; to 35 at, to, to 36 in; in; at

Exercise 109 I on, with; with; by; in 2 in, on/into 3 to; on; On, by, in, on 4 at, out, to, of

5 at; on, off 6 to, in; on 7 to, in, on 8 on; with, of 9 of, into, in/with 10 at, on II out of, on 12 in, at, on; in 13 with, to, of 14 to; to, of, at, to/on; to, on 15 at/from, off/out 16 with, in; out of 17 into/out of, of, off; in, on 18 on; on, into 19 with, of, in 20 in; in; into, on

21 at, with, in; on 22 By, of; with, on 23 on, to, in/on; to, of 24 with, under, of 25 on, to, of 26 of, to 27 in, of; in; in, at/by, of, at, in 28 into, in, by, of 29 in/at; of, at, on; with, in 30 by, on 31 off; on, in 32 into, into, with 33 by, by, on, of 34 of, at, of 35 of, in, to

36 off; on; to

Exercise 110 I in, for 2 at, since 3 At, of, for 4 in, for; During, in 5 for, on, in; from; for/on 6 under, with: in, during/in 7 by, of, in, in 8 by, for, in, of 9 from, since; on; of, to 10 for, during II with; for; for; in 12 for; of, for 13 under, with, for 14 in, for, in, till/until, of 15 for, on/for 16 In, of, off 17 in, by, from 18 on, to, by 19 for/to, from; in 20 at, during, for 21 by; on, for 22 by, in, on, in, in, over 23 of; in, for 24 in, for, of 25 of, from, to or to, from; for, to, by, for 26 at/by; for 27 from, at, with, for 28 for, till; with, for

29 on/into, off/out of, at, at 30 from, with/at; in, in, in, of 31 of; in, with 32 for,
in 33 with, into/to, with 34 from, with, for; under/of, till 35 of, on; from 36 on; for

Exercise 111 Ion 2 in, from 3 in, in 4 of; In, of, in 5 on; on, in/at; at, at, at/on 6 to, with; on with; on 7 in; on with; of 8 in, by 9 of, at 10 to, for, of II At, to 12 about, to 13 in/by, in, up 14 for; for, for, over 15 for/about, on; about 16 of, for, from 17 for; in 18 in, with,
for 19 on; for 20 with, into, with 21 for, in, on 22 In, to, to 23 by/with, out, in, of 24 of, after, in; with 25 at, away/off 26 to, of, to, away/off 27 to; on 28 In, with, of, from 29 to; under 30 on, to 31 of, to 32 about, off, at/by 33 to, of 34 for, with 35 of, of, of 36 under,
for, for

Exercise 112 I-, for 2-.for 3-,to 4-, for 5-, of 6 for; In, for, for 7 to,- 8 in/at, -; of, for 9 for/to, in 10-; for II to, for 12-, of/in 13 for, for; of,-, for 14 for;- 15 on;- 16 to/past,-, of
17-, at/in;-, on 18-;-,-; to, for 19 for, for, in/at; for,- 20 to, in 21 to,-,- 22-, in;-.with 23-, for, at/by/on 24 to, to, in 25-; to 26-,-; with, of 27-, in, in 28 to;-, of 29-, of 30 on,-, for, for/- 31 -, in, for 32 -, till, in/- 33 -, -, to: -, -, with 34 -; to, in/with 35 -, -, in 36 to, -, in

Exercise 113 Part 1 (till is always replaceable by until.) I to 2 till 3 to/till 4 till 5 till 6 till 7 to/till 8 to 9 to/till; till 10 to, till 11 to; till 12 to; till

Part 2 I since; for 2 since 3 since 4 since 5 for 6 Since 7 for 8 since; for 9 since; for 10 for 11 for 12 Since

Part 3 I then/afterwards; after 2 after 3 After; Afterwards 4 then/afterwards 5 then, then 6 then 7 after 8 then 9 after/afterwards 10 then II then 12 then; Then 13 afterwards
14 afterwards 15 then 16 then

13 Auxiliaries + perfect infinitives

Exercise 114(should used for obligation is replaceable by ought to.
may/might in the affirmative is replaceable by could.)

1 must have worked/been working 2 needn't have translated 3 may/might have forgotten, should have telephoned 4 may/might have got lost, should have given, may/might have had, wouldn't/couldn't have delayed 5 may/might have stopped and got, may/might have run 6 shouldn't have fed 7 must have been 8 should have gone 9 couldn't have been attacked, must have seen . . . and thought 10 must have waited/been waiting (could/may/might could replace must.)

11 may/might have fallen . . . and been eaten . . . or been kidnapped . . . or caught . . . and died 12 were to have started 13 needn't have walked, could have come 14 must have been stolen, may/might have driven 15 couldn't have got, must have drunk 16 shouldn't have been riding 17 may/might have taken, may/might have been 18 might/should have told, could have got 19 would have won 20 needn't have written 21 were to have built

22 wouldn't/shouldn't have noticed, would/might have spread 23 should/might/could have waited 24 may/might have come, couldn't/can't have come, may/might have come

25 needn't have done 26 should have been 27 needn't have cooked 28 would/should
have brought, wouldn't/shouldn't have come 29 shouldn't have thrown, might/could have killed 30 could have painted, could have painted 31 may/might have dropped, may/might have been 32 could have been started, could have been 33 must have carried, couldn't have done, would have been, must have waited 34 needn't have done
35 couldn't/can't have been, must have been walking 36 Couldn't it have been, must have been

Exercise 115 (See notes to Exercise 114 above.)

1 wouldn't/shouldn't have had 2 should have asked 3 should have been 4 may/might have gone; would have told 5 may/might have kept; wouldn't have kept 6 may/might have gone; may/might have been; would have rung; couldn't have rung 7 must have had; would have been 8 couldn't have bought 9 should have waited 10 couldn't have carried; must have helped II couldn't have been; must have been 12 must have crashed; would have reported 13 may/might have blown up; may/might have planted, may/might have had 14 may/might have tried; may/might have been 15 may/might have gone, may/might have been; couldn't have been 16 may/might have collapsed; would have taken over 17 shouldn't have done, should have said 18 must have been 19 needn't have done; should have told; shouldn't/wouldn't have wasted 20 could have passed; should/could have worked 21 couldn't possibly have opened; couldn't have got 22 must have let; must have followed . . . slipped 23 needn't have bought 24 must have drugged . . . dumped; might/would have been run; may/might have been 25 must have bribed; may/might have followed; couldn't have done; would/should have seen 26 needn't have stamped 27 couldn't have done; must have given 28 must have been 29 could have taken; may/might have been; may/might have hopped in . . . snatched 30 should have told; would/could have lent 31 needn't have
taken; could have walked 32 must have been watching/must have watched 33 needn't have rung/shouldn't have rung; could have dialled/should have dialled 34 must have had

35 could have had/might have had; couldn't have had 36 could have married; must have loved; must have been

Exercise 116 (may/might in the affirmative is replaceable by could.
In 1, 7, 10, 20, 23 should is replaceable by ought to.)

1 should have been 2 may/might have written, couldn't have written 3 must have fallen

4 may/might have liked 5 must have been 6 needn't have sent 7 might/should have left

8 may/might have been 9 can't/couldn't have been, may/might have been 10 shouldn't have
gone 11 may/might have been 12 were to have been 13 should/would have been 14 needn't have carried 15 may/might have been 16 can't/couldn't have been, must have been 17 must have been 18 was to have been 19 would have reached 20 could/should have crossed
21 should have brought 22 may/might have been 23 must have been 24 can't/couldn't have been, must have been 25 may/might not have heard 26 could have put you up 27 would have fallen 28 should have checked 29 needn't have apologized 30 may/might not have realized 31 might/should have thanked 32 was to have gone 33 should have warned

34 would have known 35 needn't have bought 36 must have been

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 1496