Additional words and phrases. Speaking about languages.

WORD BANK

Geography

Cardinal points

to the east/west/north/south

in the east/west/north/south

to go east/west/north/south

Northern

Southern

Western

Eastern

Speaking about geography

mainland

continent

peninsula

waterway

sea

ocean (the Atlantic/the Pacific/the Indian/the Arctic)

coast

shore

coastline

indented coastline

rugged coastline

regular coastline

to be washed by (literary)

canal (the Panama Canal)

channel (the British Channel)

inlet

lake

loch

harbour

to give a natural harbour

to wind

winding

river

river bank

navigable

shallow

estuary

mouth

vessel

bog

marsh

swamp

Relief

mountain

mountanous

mountain range

mountain top

backbone

rock

cliff

chalk cliff

a valley

rocky

muddy

sandy

a valley

peak

desolate

gently rounded

hill

slope

low lying

island

isle (the British Isles/the Isle of Wight)

islet

moor

moorland

continuous

occasional

to alternate

remote islands

heather

heath

heather-grown

scenery

landscape

view

vista

panorama

breathtaking

amazing

area

total area

compass

to encompass

to comprise

to consist of

to include

border

frontier

to border on

a motorway

a comprehensive network of motorways

to pick up a way

to bowl along

soil

ground

land

fertile

rich

to cultivate

agriculture

farming

farming land

plough-land

crop

harvest

to grow

to breed

livestock

to wander

shipbuilding

forestry

to settle

settlement

population

census (the latest census)

evenly spread

thinly populated

to originally describe

to shorten

to refer to

to be the result of complicated history/tumultuous history

a dramatic contrast

to affect

to provide

supply

to support an industry

to coalfield

copper, iron, steel

export of manufactures

sea-loving nation

trading nation

seafearing men

Useful Phrases

to be of great value

a dramatic contrast

owing to

due to

thus

to make a detour

to call for smth (e.g. another detour) ant. to go in a beeline

to pick up

to bowl along

midges

to be home to

deplorable

inevitable mist and fog

harsh

inclement

an advantage

to benefit

to keep smth from smth

to decline

to fall into decline

to thrive

to combine

to produce a view

varied

to linger

to press on

to skirt aournd

an industrial conurbation

to be in a deplorable condition

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

Useful words and phrases

royal family

legal and education systems

to have one's parents' consent

to decide on local matters

to reduce tax

to be in favour of smth

to set up a factory

to invest in

forestry

a remote island

a fishing/hunting community

to speak an ancient language

to recognise Welsh/ Gaelic etc. as a minority language

a male-voice choir

to unite the country

to conquer (a conquest, a conquerer)

a medieval castle

to stretch from ....... to

to proclaim

to gain control of

to set up a state

to demand a better political representation and housing

a civil rights march

a natural attraction

to have a reputation for

to be proud of (to take pride in)

a bagpipe

a music band

to go punting

outdoor pursiuts

to go rambling

Additional words and phrases. Speaking about languages.

to preserve one's language

to be a remnant of

a glorious culture

to produce fine ballads and outstanding art

to improvise teaching material

to languish

to ban (proscribe) a language

a stronghold of a culture/ a redoubt (literary) of a culture

to drop one's language

a bumpkin

to die out

London

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 909