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Indirect Orders and RequestsTo report indirect orders and requests we usually use the following reporting verbs: to ask, to beg, to beseech, to command, to forbid, to order, to implore, Indirect orders and requests are expressed by the TO-Infinitive.
Indirect Offers, Suggestions and Advice To report indirect offers, suggestions and advice we usually use the following reporting verbs: to advise, to offer, to suggest, etc.
Indirect Exclamations To report exclamations we use adverbial modifiers which express joy, sorrow, regret, surprise, astonishment, excitement, etc. They are as follows: joyfully, with joy, delightedly, sadly, with deep sadness, sorrowfully, regretfully, with bitterness, indignantly, with indignation, in/with surprise, etc.
§ 8. Greetings and Leave-taking To report greetings and leave-taking we usually use the following verbs and expressions: to greet (sb), to welcome (sb), to say hello (to sb), to say goodbye (to sb), to wish (sb) good night, etc.
Modal Verbs In indirect speech we use past forms of modal verbs.
The modal verbs which do not have past form remain unchanged. We also do not change the form of the modal verb if it is used in the meaning that requires this form. · MUST can be replaced by HAVE TO, but it remains unchanged if it expresses: - order or prohibition
- supposition with assurance
· SHALL can be replaced by SHOULD if it expresses suggestion.
Date: 2015-12-17; view: 2517
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