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Indirect StatementsTo report statements we usually use the following reporting verbs: add that, admit, affirm that, agree, announce, answer that, claim, complain, conclude, confess, confirm that, consider, decide, declare, deny, disagree that, dream that, emphasize that, exclaim that, expect, explain, hope, notice, observe that, point out, promise, regret, remark, repeat that, reply that, respond that, say, shout that, suggest, suppose, tell, etc.
NOTE 3. Both say and tell are used to introduce indirect statements. Tell is always followed by the object (to tell sb (that)…). Say can be used with the object (to say to sb) or without it (to say (that)…). If we need to mention the person addressed (object), to tell sb is more preferable than to say to sb which is characteristic of direct speech in writing. E.g. He told me (that) he had seen her before. He said (that) he had seen her before.
Indirect Questions To report indirect questions we use the following verbs and expressions: to ask,
Indirect general questions are introduced by the conjunctions if and whether (more formal). The word order is direct (…if/whether + subject + predicate). The auxiliary verbs do/does and did are not used.
Negative questions often express surprise or enthusiasm and are mostly reported by emotionally coloured words.
Indirect special questions are introduced by the same pronouns that introduce direct special questions. The word order is direct (…who/what/where + subject + predicate). The auxiliary verbs do/does and did are not used.
Indirect disjunctive questions are introduced by the conjunctions if and whether (more formal). The word order is direct (…if/whether + subject + predicate). The auxiliary verbs do/does and did are not used.
Indirect alternative questions are introduced by the conjunctions if and whether (more formal). The word order is direct (…if/whether + subject + predicate + or …). The auxiliary verbs do/does and did are not used.
Date: 2015-12-17; view: 2453
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