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EXPRESSING NECESSITY: HAVE TO, HAVE GOT TO, MUST
| a)I have a very important test tomorrow. I have to (have got to, must) study tonight. | Have to, have got to, must have basically the same meaning. They express the idea that something is necessary. Have to is used much more frequently than must in everyday speech and writing. Have got to is generally used only in informal speech and writing. |
| b)I have to (“hafta”) go downtown today. c) I’ve got to (gotta”) study tonight. d) Mary has to (“hasta”) go to the bank. | |
| e) I had to study tonight. | The past form of have to, have got to, must (meaning necessity) is had to. |
Note: Must means that something is very necessary; there is no other choice. Must is used much less frequently than have to in everyday speech and writing. Must is a strong word.
Exercise 7: Complete the sentences. Use have to, has to, or had to.
1. I went downtown yesterday because I had to go to the City Hall.
2. I can’t go to the movie tonight because ____________________
3. I couldn’t go to Pete’s party last Saturday because ___________
4. John can’t go downtown with us this afternoon because ___________
5. When I was in high school _________________________________
6. If you want to travel abroad ________________________________
7. I’m sorry I was absent from class yesterday but _________________
8. Alice can’t come to class tomorrow because _____________________
9. I need a car because _________________________________________
10. When I worked in my uncle’s restaurant _________________________
11. If you want to enter the university _____________________________
12. We wanted to go on a picnic yesterday, but we couldn’t because _______
13. I wanted to _______ yesterday, but _________ instead.
4-5 EXPRESSING LACK OF NECESSITY: DO NOT HAVE TO;
EXPRESSSING PROHIBITION: MUST NOT
| a)I finished all my homework this afternoon. I don’t have to study tonight. b) Tomorrow is a holiday. Mary doesn’t have to go to class. | Don’t/doesn’t have to expresses the idea that something is not necessary. |
| c)Children, you must not play with matches! d) We must not use that door. The sign says: PRIVATE. DO NOT ENTER. | Must not expresses prohibition. (DO NOT DO THIS!) |
| e) You mustn’t play with matches. | Must + not = mustn’t. |
Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with don’t/doesn’t have to or must not.
1. Liz finally got a car. So now she usually drives to work. She _______ take the bus.
2. Tommy, you ________ say that word. That’s not a nice word.
3. Mr. Moneybags is very rich. He _______ work for a living.
4. If you are in a canoe, you _______stand up and walk around. If you do the canoe will probably tip over.
5. A: You _______ tell Jim about the surprise birthday party. Do you promise?
B: I promise.
6. A: Did Professor Adams make an assignment?
B: Yes, he assigned Chapters 4 and 6 but we _______ read Chapter 5.
7. A: I ______ to set my alarm for 5:30.
B: Why do you have to get up at 5:30?
A: I’m going to meet Ron at 6:00. We’re going fishing.
8. A: Listen to me carefully, Annie. If a stranger offers you a ride you _______ get in the car. Never get in the car with a stranger. Do you understand?
B: Yes, Mom.
9. A: Do you have a stamp?
B: Uh-huh. Here.
A: Thanks. Now I ______ go to the post office.
10. A: Children, your mother and I are going to go out this evening. I want you to be good and follow these rules: You must do everything the baby-sitter tells you to do. You __________ go outside after dark. It’s Saturday night so you ______ go to bed at eight. You can stay up until eight-thirty. And remember: you _______ pull the cat’s tail. Okay?
B: Okay, Dad.
4-6 MAKING SUGGESTIONS: USING LET’S AND WHY NOT
| a) A: It’s hot today. Let’s go to the beach. B: Okay. Good idea. b) A: It’s not hot today. Why don’t we go to the beach? B: Okay. Good idea. | Let’s (do something) and why don’t we (do something) have the same meaning. They are used to make suggestions about activities for you and me. |
| c)A: I’m tired. B: Why don’t you take a nap? A: That’s a good idea. I think I will. | People use why don’t you (do something) to make a friendly suggestion, to give friendly advice. |
Exercise 9: Complete the dialogues. Use let’s and why don’t we.
1. A: The weather is beautiful today. ____________________________
B: Good idea.
2. A: I’m bored.
B: Me too. ________________________________________________
A: Great idea!
3. A: Are you hungry?
B: Yes. Are you?
A: Yes, ___________________________________________________
B: Okay.
4. A: What are you going to do over spring break?
B: I don’t know. What are you going to do?
A: I haven’t made any plans.
B: _________________________________________________________
A: That sounds like a terrific idea, but I can’t afford it.
5. A: I need to go shopping.
B: So do I.
A: __________________________________________________________
B: I can’t go then. _______________________________________________
A: Okay. That’s fine with me.
6. A: Do you have any plans for this weekend?
B: Not really.
A: I don’t either. _______________________________________________
B: Okay. Good idea.
7. A: What time should we leave for the airport?
B: ___________________________________
A: Okay.
8. A: What we should we do tonight?
B: _____________________________________
A: Sounds okay to me.
Date: 2014-12-29; view: 1333
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| ASKING FOR ASSISTANCE: WOULD YOU, COULD YOU, CAN YOU, WILL YOU | | | Exercise 10 – ORAL. Give suggestions . Use Why don’t you? |