This is a proposed airline operation with a commercial twin-engine jet aircraft (e.g. B-737, MD-80, A-320, etc.) at Cuzco International Airport operation.
Airport characteristics and operation
· VMC and day-light aircraft operation
· Landing on runway 28 only.
· Take-off on runway 10 only.
· In case of engine fire, engine-out or emergency condition return to airport is mandatory, except if the aircraft’s weight and performance allow the aircraft to comply with obstacle clearance net trajectory.
· Adiabatic wind forces tailwind take offs from approximately 16:00 hours daily.
· No ILS approach is available.
· VOR used for instrument letdown (URCOS) not located at the aerodrome.
2. What is the safety concern?
· Aspects to be considered:
o Aerodrome infrastructure
o Navigational radio aids
o Weather conditions
o Aircraft performance
o Take-off obstacle clearance net path
o En-route obstacle clearance net path (trajectory)
o In-flight procedures
o Documentation
o Training
§ Pilots and cabin crew
§ Flight dispatchers
§ Safety ground crew
Risk assessment matrix
Probability of occurrences
Qualitative definition
Meaning
Value
Frequent
Likely to occur many times (Has occurred frequently)
Occasional
Likely to occur some times (Has occurred infrequently)
Remote
Unlikely, but possible to occur (Has occurred rarely)
Improbable
Very unlikely to occur (Not known has occurred)
Extremely improbable
Almost inconceivable that the event will occur
Severity of occurrences
Aviation
definition
Meaning
Value
Catastrophic
· Equipment destroyed
· Multiple deaths
A
Hazardous
· A large reduction in safety margins, physical distress or a workload such that the operators cannot be relied upon to perform their tasks accurately or completely.
· Serious injury or death to a number of people.
· Major equipment damage
B
Major
· A significant reduction in safety margins, a reduction in the ability of the operators to cope with adverse operating conditions as a result of increase in workload, or as a result of conditions impairing their efficiency.
· Serious incident.
· Injury to persons.
C
Minor
· Nuisance.
· Operating limitations.
· Use of emergency procedures.
· Minor incident.
A facilitator will be appointed, who will coordinate the discussion. A summary of the discussion will be written on flip charts, and a member of the group will brief on their findings in a plenary session.
Your task
1. List the generic hazard.
2. Describe the risk(s).
3. Define current measures to reduce risk(s) and risk index.
4. Define further actions to reduce the risk(s) and resulting risk index.
5. Establish individual responsibility to implement the risk mitigation.
6. Complete the attached log (Table).
6. Utilization of the risk control/mitigation log
· From Table – Risk control/mitigation log below is used to provide a record of identified risks and the actions taken by nominated individuals. The record should be retained permanently in order to provide evidence of safety management and to provide a reference for future risk assessments.
· Having identified and ranked the risks, any existing defences against them should be identified. These defences must then be assessed for adequacy. If these are found to be less then adequate, then additional actions will have to be prescribed. All actions must be addressed by a specified individual (usually the line manager responsible) and a target date for completion must be given. The Risk control/mitigation log is not to be cleared until this action is completed.
· An example is given to facilitate the understanding in the use of the table.
TABLE - RISK CONTROL/MITIGATION LOG
Risk reference
Generic
hazard
Risk(s) description
Current measures to reduce risk(s) and risk index
Further actions to reduce risk(s) and resulting risk index
Responsibility
Example
OPS/01
Flight operations
All weather operations at an aerodrome where one of the two parallel runways is closed due to a construction work.
Aircraft taking off or landing on the closed runway.
1. NOTAM issued by the aerodrome manager to notified users on the construction work on the closed runway.
2. ATIS
3. Aerodrome layout available in the national AIP
4. New signage and lighting
5. Company operations manual
6. Dispatch performance manual
7. Aircraft operating manual
8. Flight crew competency requirements in AWOP.
9. Recurrent training
10. CRM training
Risk index: 3A
Risk tolerability: Unacceptable under the existing circumstances
1. Ensure that flight dispatchers and operations officers inform flight crew on the risk of taking mistakenly the closed runway.
2. Ensure that flight crew is aware of the current layout of the aerodrome.
3. Issuance of company NOTAM concerning the closed runway and new routing on the movement area.
4. Review of the Low Visibility Operations (LVO) during training sessions.
5. Review procedures in the Company Operations Manual and Route Manual.
Risk index: 1A
Risk tolerability: Acceptable after review of the operation
1. Director of the operations control centre (OCC)
2. Chief pilot
3. Head of Flight operations engineering
4. Flight training manager
5. Head of Documentation Department
