Predicate Compound nominal.

Is the second primary part of the sentence that denotes an action, state or property of the thing in the broadest sense expressed by the subject of the sentence. The compound nominal predicate consists of a link-verb and a nominal element called predicative. The predicative expresses a state, property or the class of thing denoted by the subject:It's so lovely here. Oh! Friendship is a great thing.According to their meaning link-verbs are classified into:a) the link-verb of being', (the "pure" link-verb "be"): I'm a student.b) of perception(feel, look, smell, taste): She looks happy. The cake tastes delicious.c) of becoming (become, turn, grow, get, fall): It's getting late. He grew old. d) of remaining (remain, stay, keep, continue). I stayed calm. He remained silent. e) of seeming or appearing: (seem, appear) She seemed shy. He appeared a good listener. A particular place is occupied by the link-verbs “prove” and “turn out”: The party turned out a success. The simple predicativeis expressed by: 1) nouns in both cases: The choice was hers. Friendship is a great thing. 2) by adjectives: It’s so lovely here; 3) by pronouns: They were they and Marcus and I were we. 4) by numerals: She was eighteen; 5) by statives: He was aware all the time of her presence. But I'm afraid I can't keep the man. 6) by infinitives: To decide is to act. 7) by gerunds: His aim was entering the University. 8) by participles I, which are generally adjectivized: It is very destressing to me, sir, to give this information. 9) by Participles II: It was all gone. The compound nominal double predicate combines the features of two different types of predicate. It has the features of the simple verbal predicate and those of the compound nomi­nal predicate. It consists of two parts, both of which are notional. The first one is verbal and is expressed by a notional verb denoting an action or process performed by the person/non-person expressed by the subject. From this point of view it resembles the simple verbal predicate. But at the same time the verbal part of this predicate performs a linking function, as it links its second part (which is a predicative) to the subject. The second part of the compound nominal double predicate is ex­pressed by a noun or an adjective which denotes the properties of the subject in the same way as the predicative of the compound nominal predicate proper does. The moon was shining cold and bright. The predicate here denotes two separate notions: 1) The moon was shining, and at the same time 2) The moon was cold and bright. There are a number of verbs that most often occur in this type of pred­icate, performing the double function of denoting a process and serving as link verb at the same time. They are: to die, to leave, to lie, to marry, to return, to rise, to sit, to stand, to shine.

NOMINAL CLAUSES

All nominal clauses have a function approximating to that of a noun or a nominal phrase. They may fulfill the function of a basic part of the main clause: a subject clause functions as subject of the main clause which has no subject of its own, a predicative clause functions as predicative to the link verb within the main clause. An object clause refers to verbs in different forms and functions, to adjectives, statives and occasionally to nouns, and may be obligatory or optional. Another type of nominal clause — the appositive clause, refers to a noun with a very general meaning and is therefore essential to the meaning of the sentence. Since nominal clauses function as essential structural parts of the sentence, their relations to the main clause are confined to such purely grammatical sentential relations as subjective, predicative, objective and appositive. A subject clause may be introduced by conjunctions (that, if, whether, because, the way); correlatives (either... or, whether... or) it there is more than one subject clause, or connectives. The latter may be either conjunctive pronouns (who, whoever, what, whatever, which) or conjunctive adverbs (where, wherever, when, whenever, how, why). Complex sentences with subject clauses may be of two pat­terns: I. With a subject clause preceding the predicate of the main clause. What I need is a piece of good advice. Whether I talked or not made little difference. How the book will sell depends on its plot and the author. II. With a subject clause in final position, the usual place of the subject being occupied by formal it. It seemed unfair to him that he should suffer more than his wife. It is understood that modern science allows such experiments. A predicative clause may be introduced by conjunctions (that, whether, as, as if, as though, because, lest, the way), correlatives (either... or, whether... or), or connectives. The latter may be conjunctive pronouns (who, whoever, what, whatever, which) or conjunctive adverbs (where, wherever, when, whenever, how, why). The fact was that he had forgotten about it. The only reason for my coming is because I hoped to see you again. That's what he wants you to think. An object clause may be introduced by conjunctions (that if, whether, lest), correlatives (either... or, whether... or), or connectives. The latter may be conjunctive pronouns (who, whoever, what, whatever which), or conjunctive adverbs (where, wherever, when, whenever, why_, how). I don't know why I tike you so much. He was terrified that she would forget about it soon. Like objects in a simple sentence, object clauses may vary in their relation to the principal clause and in the way they are attached to the word they refer to or depend on.I. An object clause may directly follow the word it refers to (a non-prepositional object clause). Jon wondered if he had offended her. I know when I am wasting time. II. An object clause may be joined to the main clause by the preposi­tions after, about, before, beyond, for, near, of, as to, except. If a preposition is very closely attached to the preceding verb or adjective (to agree upon, to call for, to comment upon, to depend on, to hear of, to insist on) it generally precedes the object clause. I am not certain of what he did. I want to be paid for what I do.

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 3330